高速铁路情景下的俄罗斯远东铁路可达性及其空间效应研究
初楠臣(1992— ),男,黑龙江佳木斯人,博士生,主要从事城市地理与区域发展研究。E-mail: chunanchen_1992@163.com
收稿日期: 2019-01-10
要求修回日期: 2019-03-22
网络出版日期: 2019-07-28
基金资助
国家科技基础资源调查专项课题(2017FY101303-1)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41571152,41771179)
中国科学院重点部署项目子课题(ZDRW-ZS-2017-4-3-4,ZDBS-SSW-SQC)
High-speed rail impact on regional accessibility and its spatial effects:A case study of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok railway
Received date: 2019-01-10
Request revised date: 2019-03-22
Online published: 2019-07-28
Supported by
National Science and Technology Basic Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, No. 2017FY101303-1
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 41571152 and 41771179
Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. ZDRW-ZS-2017-4-3-4 and ZDBS-SSW-SQC.
Copyright
以俄罗斯远东联邦区的布拉戈维申斯克—符拉迪沃斯托克(布符)沿边铁路为研究对象,在高速铁路情景下,利用可达性指标测度高铁运行前(普铁)后(高铁)沿线节点的可达性动态变化,探讨该线路升级提速后对沿线各个节点的贡献作用与空间效应。研究表明:未来布符高铁的建设运营使其沿线可达性得到大幅提升,时空收敛获益多,8 h交流圈覆盖全线,可达性最优要素由末端城市(符拉迪沃斯托克)向线路中间城市(哈巴罗夫斯克)自南向北、继而向首端城市(布拉戈维申斯克)自东向西扩散,呈布符铁路首末可达性改善幅度大、部分中间线路可达性改善稍弱的空间特征。可达性的变化加速远东的西南沿边地区空间格局的演变与重塑,布符沿边高铁集散场的空间延拓、袭夺态势加剧;铁路轴带的空间极化加深,呈现新的“核心—边缘”格局;跨城流动性突显,加速空间对接与同城空间发展模式。
关键词: 可达性; 布拉戈维申斯克—符拉迪沃斯托克铁路;; 空间格局; 俄罗斯远东联邦区
初楠臣 , 张平宇 , 李鹤 . 高速铁路情景下的俄罗斯远东铁路可达性及其空间效应研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019 , 38(7) : 988 -997 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.07.004
Under the background of the Belt and Road and the economic corridor of China, Mongolia and Russia initiatives, this study examined the accessibility level and its spatial differentiation of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok railway in the southwest border area of the Far East Federal District in Russia. We first evaluated the accessibility level of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok railway. Then, change after the future operation of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok high-speed rail (HSR) was projected with two accessibility indicators—weighted average time and economic potential. Spatial differentiation of the accessibility change was presented using ArcGIS. Finally, the spatial differentiation of accessibility change was used to reveal the change and reshaping of spatial patterns in the southwestern border area of the Far East Federal District in Russia. The results are as follows: 1) The operation of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR will greatly improve the accessibility level in the southwestern border area of the Far East Federal District in Russia. It will shorten the journey time to eight hours from Blagoveshchensk to Vladivostok. After the operation of the HSR, the increase rate of economic potential is significantly higher than the decrease rate of weighted average travel time. The weighted average travel time of the nodes along the HSR will decrease by about 68%, while the economic potential of the nodes along the HSR will increase by around 1009%. 2) Before and after the operation of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR, accessibility strength of various federal subjects in the Russian Far East Federal District differs: the Primorsky Territory > the Khabarovsk Territory > the Jewish Autonomous Area > the Amur Region. However, accessibility improvement of the Primorsky Territory, the Khabarovsk Territory, and the Jewish Autonomous Area will be weaker than that of the Amur Region. Spatially, accessibility optimal element shows a decreasing trend from Vladivostok via Khabarovsk to Blagoveshchensk. Accessibility improvement of the nodes at the beginning and end of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok line is stronger than those in the middle of the line. 3) Affected by the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR, the gradual change and reshaping of regional spatial patterns will become increasingly more complicated in the southwestern border area of the Far East Federal District in Russia. Spatial extension and competition of influencing areas will intensify in the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR distribution field. Spatial polarization of the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok HSR line will further enhance, and a new pattern of center-periphery spatial system will appear. The spatial pattern of four regional service centers (Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk, and Birobidzhan) will evolve into the dual-core pattern of two regional service centers (Vladivostok and Khabarovsk). Spatial integration will occur among near-field cities. Regional coordinating effect will become obvious in Blagoveshchensk-Belogorsk, Khabarovsk-Birobidzhan, and Vladivostok-Artem.
Tab.1 Population, economic, and social indicators of the federal subjects in Far East Russia in 2016表1 2016年远东区各联邦主体的人口与经济社会指标 |
联邦主体 | 国土面积/万km2 | 人口规模/万人 | 年均劳动从业人数/万人 | 人口密度/(人/km2) | 人口城镇化率/% | 年底铁路营业里程/km | 年底公路营业里程/km | 铁路网密度/(km/100 km2) | 地区生产总值/10亿卢布 | 固定资本投资/10亿卢布 | 综合预算收入/10亿卢布 | 人均月收入/卢布 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
萨哈(雅库特)共和国 | 308.35 | 96.28 | 48.34 | 0.31 | 65.5 | 525 | 11766 | 0.017 | 3083.5 | 275.3 | 196.2 | 38933 |
勘察加边疆区 | 46.43 | 31.47 | 16.62 | 0.68 | 78.0 | 0 | 1957 | 0 | 464.3 | 33.3 | 72.0 | 41054 |
滨海边疆区 | 16.47 | 192.31 | 98.62 | 11.68 | 77.1 | 1559 | 15143 | 0.947 | 164.7 | 123.5 | 112.9 | 32446 |
哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区 | 78.76 | 133.33 | 69.39 | 1.69 | 82.1 | 2144 | 9415 | 0.272 | 787.6 | 115.1 | 101.8 | 37461 |
阿穆尔州 | 36.19 | 80.18 | 39.55 | 2.22 | 67.3 | 2920 | 12499 | 0.807 | 361.9 | 128.5 | 57.8 | 29653 |
马加丹州 | 46.25 | 14.56 | 9.22 | 0.31 | 95.7 | 0 | 2517 | 0 | 462.5 | 38.9 | 32.9 | 50753 |
萨哈林州 | 8.71 | 48.74 | 28.44 | 5.60 | 81.8 | 835 | 2043 | 0.959 | 87.1 | 248.0 | 156.0 | 49599 |
犹太自治州 | 3.63 | 16.42 | 6.97 | 4.52 | 68.6 | 512 | 2451 | 1.410 | 36.3 | 12.9 | 11.4 | 23718 |
楚科奇自治区 | 72.15 | 4.98 | 3.19 | 0.07 | 70.1 | 0 | 696 | 0 | 721.5 | 9.7 | 33.0 | 63909 |
注:按《国家外汇管理局年报2016》的2016年1—12月人民币汇率中间价全年均值,2016年1元人民币≈10.08卢布;数据来源于РЕГИОНЫ РОССИИ(2017);俄总统普京在2018年11月签署总统令,将原西伯利亚联邦区的外贝加尔边疆区、布里亚特共和国划至远东,本表未囊括外贝加尔边疆区、布里亚特共和国。 |
Fig.1 The study area图1 研究区概况 |
Tab.2 Weighted average travel time and economic potential of cities along the railway表2 沿线城市的加权平均旅行时间与经济潜力 |
城市 | 加权平均旅行时间Ai | 经济潜力Pi | 城市 | 加权平均旅行时间Ai | 经济潜力Pi | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
通车前/min | 通车后/min | 减少率/% | 通车前 | 通车后 | 增加率/% | 通车前/min | 通车后/min | 减少率/% | 通车前 | 通车后 | 增加率/% | ||||
布拉戈维申斯克 | 957 | 283 | 70.4 | 74 | 1074 | 1357 | 别洛戈尔斯克 | 865 | 259 | 70.1 | 6 | 87 | 1420 | ||
扎维京斯克 | 756 | 233 | 69.2 | 28 | 295 | 934 | 布列亚 | 726 | 223 | 69.2 | 79 | 791 | 904 | ||
阿尔哈拉 | 693 | 213 | 69.3 | 26 | 266 | 939 | 奥布卢奇耶 | 614 | 191 | 68.9 | 13 | 169 | 1180 | ||
比罗比詹 | 484 | 160 | 67.0 | 34 | 376 | 995 | 哈巴罗夫斯克 | 407 | 132 | 67.7 | 241 | 2028 | 740 | ||
比金 | 431 | 140 | 67.5 | 20 | 151 | 662 | 达利涅列琴斯克 | 446 | 146 | 67.3 | 11 | 99 | 777 | ||
列索扎沃茨克 | 454 | 148 | 67.3 | 26 | 236 | 810 | 斯帕斯克达利尼 | 473 | 154 | 67.3 | 29 | 241 | 725 | ||
切尔尼戈夫 | 483 | 158 | 67.3 | 59 | 498 | 738 | 乌苏里斯克 | 496 | 162 | 67.2 | 310 | 2956 | 853 | ||
阿尔乔姆 | 526 | 172 | 67.4 | 198 | 3128 | 1483 | 符拉迪沃斯托克 | 548 | 177 | 67.7 | 917 | 15867 | 1630 | ||
平均值 | 585 | 184 | 68.2 | 129 | 1766 | 1009 |
Fig.2 Spatial pattern of change of weighted average travel time图2 加权平均旅行时间的空间格局变化 |
Fig. 3 Spatial pattern of change of economic potential图3 经济潜力的空间格局变化 |
Fig.4 Two hours' isotime circle of high-speed rail in the three central cities图4 三大城市的高铁2 h等时圈 |
Fig.5 Center-periphery spatial pattern along the Blagoveshchensk-Vladivostok railway图5 布符沿边铁路的“核心—边缘”格局 |
Fig.6 Urban integration of Blagoveshchensk-Belogorsk, Khabarovsk-Birobidzhan, and Vladivostok-Artyom图6 布拉戈维申斯克—别洛戈尔斯克、哈巴罗夫斯克—比罗比詹、符拉迪沃斯托克—阿尔乔姆的同城化 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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