武汉城市圈内部空间联系及其轴-辐网络结构演化
田野(1990— ),男,河南永城人,博士生,研究方向为区域发展与城乡规划。E-mail: yongcheng_ tianye@126.com
收稿日期: 2018-12-27
要求修回日期: 2019-03-15
网络出版日期: 2019-07-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41871176,41801177)
国家社会科学基金项目(18CJY048)
华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费(CCNU18ZDPY09)
Urban spatial linkages and the hub-spoke network structure in the Wuhan metropolitan area
Received date: 2018-12-27
Request revised date: 2019-03-15
Online published: 2019-07-28
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 41871176 and 41801177
National Social Science Fund of China, No. 18CJY048
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No. CCNU18ZDPY09.
Copyright
轴-辐伺服网络是一种高效的网络类型,有利于降低要素流动成本,提高效率,并发挥规模效应。选取武汉城市圈内37个城镇作为网络节点,利用修正后的引力模型计算其1995—2015年空间联系并进行分析,之后根据联系强度分布构建空间联系网络,并运用Python第三方开源软件包Networkx对其轴-辐网络结构及演化进行评价,得到如下结论:① 城市间联系强度逐渐增强,由单极放射状向网状一体化渐次演化,总体联系呈现以武汉主城区为中心的核心—边缘格局。空间联系网络与联系强度同步发育,结构更加致密,同时关键节点的枢纽地位愈发凸显。② 关键轴心城镇与联系通道围绕武汉主城区逐步发育,最终形成覆盖武汉主城区东、北、南三向的多重连接环,构成辐点城镇与轴心城镇进行联系的主要路径。③ 整体网络形成以武汉主城区为一级轴心,部分地级城市主城区为二级轴心,其他城镇为辐点的轴—辐网络结构,形态则呈现点对式网络—初级轴-辐网络—层级轴-辐网络的演化过程,且仍处于继续发育中。
田野 , 罗静 , 孙建伟 , 董莹 , 陈国磊 . 武汉城市圈内部空间联系及其轴-辐网络结构演化[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019 , 38(7) : 1093 -1102 . DOI: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.07.013
Hub-spoke network is an efficient network structure, which is helpful for reducing the cost of factor flow, improving efficiency, and increasing scale effect. Hub-spoke network consists of some hubs and spoke, where the hubs play the key role of circulating factors like people, capital, information, and so on, and the spoke receive the factors and transfer them in a specific way so that efficiency would be improved significantly. In this study, we took 37 counties and districts in the Wuhan metropolitan area as the research area and used the modified gravity model to calculate the spatial linkage strength in 1995, 2005, and 2015 between the 37 units. Then we mapped the hub-spoke network with networkx, an open source package of python and analyzed the changes. The results show that: 1) The strength of the linkages between towns and cities have gradually increased, and the pattern evolved from unipolar radiation to network integration. Meanwhile, the overall linkages present a core-periphery pattern centered on the main urban area of Wuhan City. The spatial linkage network developed synchronously with linkage strength, and network structure has become increasingly more compact. At the same time, the pivotal position of key nodes is becoming more prominent. 2) Key hub towns and linkage channels gradually developed around the main urban area of Wuhan City, forming some connecting rings covering the northeast and south of the main urban area of Wuhan City as the key connecting channels between key hub towns and spoke towns. 3) The structure of the overall linkage network consists of a high level hub, which is the main urban area of Wuhan City, some middle level hubs, which are the main urban areas of some prefecture-level cities, and the spoke towns in the Wuhan metropolitan area. The hub and spoke network structure has evolved from point-to-point to primary hub and spoke network and leveled hub and spoke network, but this structure is not perfect at present and is still in development.
Key words: Wuhan metropolitan area; spatial linkage; hub and spoke network; evolution
Tab.1 Evaluation index system of urban attraction表1 城市吸引力评价指标体系 |
目标层 | 目标子层 | 指标层 |
---|---|---|
人口吸引力 | 人口规模吸引力 | 总人口(X1)、人口密度(X2)、城市化率(X3) |
人口素质吸引力 | 大专以上学历人数(X4)、第二、三产业从业人员比重(X5) | |
经济吸引力 | 经济规模吸引力 | GDP(X6)、公共财政收入(X7)、固定资产投资额(X8) |
经济结构吸引力 | 第一产业总产值(X9)、第二产业总产值(X10)、第三产业总产值(X11)、第一产业产值占GDP比重(X12)、第二产业产值占GDP比重(X13)、第三产业产值占GDP比重(X14) | |
社会吸引力 | 社会发展吸引力 | 人均可支配收入(X15)、居民储蓄存款余额(X16)、城镇居民失业率(X17) |
社会保障吸引力 | 医疗卫生机构数量(X18)、拥有三甲医院数量(X19)、万人拥有医生人数(X20)、万人拥有卫生机构床位数(X21) | |
资源环境吸引力 | 城市环境吸引力 | 土地面积(X22)、人均绿化面积(X23)、建成区绿地率(X24) |
城市废弃物处理 | 工业污水处理率(X25)、生活垃圾无害化处理率(X26) | |
发展潜力吸引力 | 教育发展潜力吸引力 | 教育经费总投入(X27)、高等院校在校学生数(X28)、高校教师数量(X29)、公共图书馆数量(X30)、公共图书馆馆藏量(X31) |
科技发展潜力吸引力 | 科研经费支出(X32)、专利申请授权量(X33)、专业技术职称人数(X34)、高新技术产业总产值(X35) | |
对外联系吸引力 | 交通联系吸引力 | 道路长度(X36)、高速公路过境条数(X37)、火车站点数(X38) |
信息联系吸引力 | 邮电业务总量(X39)、移动电话数目(X40) |
Tab.2 Speed limit of traffic lines at different levels in 1995, 2005 and 2015 (km/h)表2 不同类型、年份交通线路速度设定 |
年份 | 铁路(城际/动车/高铁) | 高速 | 国道 | 省道 | 县乡道 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 75 | 90 | 70 | 60 | 35 |
2005 | 85 | 100 | 80 | 70 | 40 |
2015 | 95(120/150/250) | 110 | 90 | 80 | 45 |
Fig.1 Transport networks in the Wuhan metropolitan area in 1995, 2005 and 2015图1 1995、2005、2015年武汉城市圈交通网络演化 |
Fig.2 Pattern of spatial linkages in the Wuhan metropolitan area in 1995, 2005 and 2015图2 1995、2005、2015年武汉城市圈城市空间联系格局演化及其示意 |
Fig.3 Spatial linkage intensity of towns and cities in the Wuhan metropolitan area in 1995, 2005 and 2015图3 1995、2005、2015年武汉城市圈各城镇联系总量分布演化 |
Tab.3 Evaluation indicator values of spatial linkage network in the Wuhan metropolitan area in 1995, 2005 and 2015表3 武汉城市圈空间联系网络结构评价指标 |
评价指标 | 1995年 | 2005年 | 2015年 |
---|---|---|---|
D | 0.055 | 0.111 | 0.188 |
L | 1.111 | 1.258 | 1.989 |
CD(mi) | 0.889 | 1.973 | 6.757 |
CB(mi) | 0.111 | 0.649 | 14.108 |
4.2 单一轴心向层级轴心演化,地级城市主城区成为轴心与辐点的连接枢纽 |
Tab.4 Distribution of key nodes and edges attribute in the Wuhan metropolitan area in 1995, 2005 and 2015表4 武汉城市圈关键节点城镇及边属性分布 |
年份 | 排名 | 点度数 | 点介数 | 边介数 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
关键节点城镇 | CD(mi) | 关键节点城镇 | CB(mi) | 关键边 | CB(e) | ||||
1995 | 1 | 武汉主城区 | 7 | 武汉主城区 | 4 | 武汉主城区-鄂州市 | 0.389 | ||
2 | 鄂州市 | 2 | 鄂州市 | 1 | — | 0.222 | |||
3 | — | 1 | — | 0 | — | 0.222 | |||
2005 | 1 | 武汉主城区 | 39 | 武汉主城区 | 10 | 武汉主城区-鄂州市 | 0.054 | ||
2 | 鄂州市 | 9 | 鄂州市 | 8 | 武汉主城区-江夏区 | 0.054 | |||
3 | 黄石主城区 | 5 | 江夏区 | 3 | 鄂州市-黄石主城区 | 0.035 | |||
4 | 江夏区 | 4 | 黄石主城区 | 3 | 武汉主城区-仙桃市 | 0.035 | |||
5 | 仙桃市 | 3 | — | 0 | 黄石主城区-大冶市 | 0.023 | |||
2015 | 1 | 武汉主城区 | 51 | 武汉主城区 | 163 | 武汉主城区-鄂州市 | 0.054 | ||
2 | 鄂州市 | 34 | 鄂州市 | 79 | 武汉主城区-咸安区 | 0.054 | |||
3 | 江夏区 | 30 | 孝南区 | 76 | 武汉主城区-孝南区 | 0.054 | |||
4 | 东西湖区 | 28 | 咸安区 | 67 | 武汉主城区-黄石主城区 | 0.051 | |||
5 | 新洲区 | 27 | 黄石主城区 | 48 | 鄂州市-黄石主城区 | 0.035 |
注:因本文所构建网络为有向网络,节点属性为双向(出,入)度数加总。另外,因篇幅所限,此处仅列举每个年份top5节点城镇与联系,1995年由于网络结构较为简单,大部分节点及边属性相同,仅列举属性不重复节点及边,重复者以“—”表示。 |
Fig.4 Structure of urban spatial linkage network in the Wuhan metropolitan area in 1995, 2005 and 2015图4 武汉城市圈空间联系网络拓扑结构演化 |
Fig.5 Sketch diagram of the hub-spoke network structure in the Wuhan metropolitan area in 1995, 2005 and 2015图5 武汉城市圈轴-辐网络结构演化示意图 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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