白洋淀流域地下水更新速率
作者简介:袁瑞强(1980-),男,山西太原人,副教授,博士,主要从事流域水循环与水环境研究,E-mail: rqyuan@sxu.edu.cn。
网络出版日期: 2015-03-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41301033)
国家重点基础(973计划)项目(2010CB428805)
Renewal rate of groundwater in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin
Online published: 2015-03-25
Copyright
受到水库拦蓄、抽水灌溉等人类活动的影响,白洋淀流域平原区河流断流,非承压含水层逐渐被疏干。下游的白洋淀无法得到河流和地下水的补给,时刻面临干涸。鉴于白洋淀对区域生态环境和气候有重要的影响,多次实施调水补淀工程。然而,白洋淀渗漏严重,调水补淀的效果不理想。为了保护白洋淀,亟需恢复地下水的可持续性,这首先需要查明地下水的更新能力。2009年,对白洋淀流域平原区地下水进行实地调查,并采集采集地表水和地下水水样共36个,分析其氚含量。利用线性插值法、吴秉钧法和连炎清法恢复了该地区降水氚含量的历史数据,结合数学物理模型估算了非承压地下水的更新能力。结果表明,氚含量较高的白洋淀水渗漏使得周边地下水氚含量增高。总体上,沿山区到淀区的方向非承压地下水更新速率逐渐由15.0%/a降低至4.0%/a。山前平原冲洪积扇区域是非承压地下水的主要补给区,平均更新速率达9.8%/a。冲积平原区域非承压地下水的平均更新速率仅为4.4%/a。为此,需要限制在冲积平原区域开采非承压地下水,以逐步恢复其更新速率,使其重新补给白洋淀。地下水的恢复过程可能较慢,但可从根本上解决调水补淀无法解决的干淀问题。
袁瑞强 , 龙西亭 , 王鹏 , 王仕琴 , 宋献方 . 白洋淀流域地下水更新速率[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015 , 34(3) : 381 -388 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.03.013
Human activities, such as water storage in reservoirs and pumping for irrigation, reduce stream flows and deplete unconfined aquifer in the plain area of the Baiyangdian Lake Basin. Without recharges from rivers and groundwater, the Baiyangdian Lake faces the risk of drying up. Considering the impacts of the Baiyangdian Lake on the local environment, biodiversity, and climate, many projects of water transfer for the sustainability of the lake were implemented. However, the result are unsatisfactory due to considerable leakages in the lake. In order to preserve the lake, sustainable groundwater use should be achieved and therefore, it is necessary to study the renewal rate of unconfined groundwater. In this study groundwater was surveyed on the plain area of the Baiyangdian Lake Basin in 2009. thirty six samples from groundwater and surface water were collected for measuring the content of tritium. Tritium content in precipitation since the mid-1950s was rebuilt by comparing the results from linear interpolation, Wu's method and Lian's method. Renewal rate of groundwater in the plain area was estimated based on the tritium data and the well-mixed model. Results show that leakage of the lake slightly increased tritium content in the ambient groundwater. Generally, the renewal rate of unconfined groundwater decreased from 15.0 %/a to 4.0 %/a between the mountain area and the lake. Alluvial fans are the main recharge area with an average renewal rate of 9.8 %/a. The renewal rate dropped to 4.4 %/a in the alluvial plain. We recommend that groundwater development should be restricted in the alluvial plain to recover the renewal rate of unconfined groundwater. Although such recovery may take a long time to occur, it is believed that recharging the lake by shallow groundwater is the only way to maintain a sustainable lake.
Key words: Baiyangdian Catchment; North China Plain; groundwater; renewal rate; tritium
Fig.1 Map of the study area and sampling sites (G means sites of groundwater sampling, S means sites of surface water sampling. The postfix d represents deep groundwater)图1 研究区概图和采样点分布 (以G开头的为地下水采样点,加后缀d的为深层地下水,其余为浅层地下水;以S开头的是地表水采样点) |
Fig.2 Sketch of hydrogeological cross-section in the study area图2 研究区水文地质剖面概图 |
Fig.3 Shallow groundwater level in the study area图3 研究区浅层地下水水位分布图 |
Fig.4 Groundwater tritium content in the study area图4 研究区地下水氚含量分布图 |
Tab.1 Statistics of tritium content in different water bodies/TU表1 不同水体氚含量的统计结果/TU |
平均值 | 最大值 | 最小值 | |
---|---|---|---|
地表水 | 19 | 23.5 | 14.6 |
浅层地下水 | 16 | 27.3 | 9.1 |
深层地下水 | 1 | 2.1 | 0.5 |
3.1.2 大气降水氚含量序列估算 |
Fig.5 Calculated annual content of tritium in precipitation of Baoding (data of Ottawa from IAEA website: http://nds121.iaea.org/wiser/index.php)图5 保定降水氚含量的估计数据(Ottawa站数据来自IAEA网站:http://nds121.iaea.org/wiser/index.php) |
Tab.2 Renewal rates of shallow groundwater表2 地下水更新速率计算结果 |
编号 | 地点 | 更新速率/(%/a) | 编号 | 地点 | 更新速率/(%/a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G01 | 万亩林 | 15 | G04 | 梁格庄 | 9 |
G02 | 杨树沟 | 14 | G29 | 喜峪村 | 7.5 |
G09 | 练台村 | 11 | G05 | 凤凰台村 | 7 |
G03 | 基地大院 | 10 | G28 | 曲阳县大盖村 | 6 |
G07 | 南易河庄 | 10 | G32 | 董庄村 | 5.5 |
G08 | 北东村 | 10 | G21 | 孙村乡南孙村 | 4.5 |
G14 | 新乐县五里铺 | 10 | G15 | 二十里铺 | 4 |
G06 | 凤凰台村 | 9.5 | G19 | 银定庄 | 4 |
G10 | 西高里村 | 9 | G30 | 沈家坯村 | 4 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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