本文构建了中国地级市工业竞争力评价指标体系, 运用主成分分析法综合评价了中国286 个地级市工业竞争力水平, 研究了中国经济区的工业竞争力水平和空间格局特征。并尝试将集聚和外部联系作为空间要素引入生产函数模型, 探讨不同的工业发展水平下, 综合技术、资本、劳动力和空间各投入要素的贡献程度。研究表明:①经济区工业竞争力水平由高到低依次为东部沿海经济区、南部沿海经济区、北部沿海经济区、东北经济区、长江中游经济区、黄河中游经济区、西北经济区、西南经济区, 各经济区各具独特的空间格局特征。②把空间要素引入生产函数模型是可行的, 并验证了空间要素对产出具有重要影响, 但对于不同的工业发展水平的贡献强度存在差异。③随着工业水平的提高, 要素贡献程度的趋势分别是:综合技术先增大后减小, 劳动力持续减弱, 资本稳步增大, 空间要素则先减小后增大。④在现有工业投入结构下, 强和弱等级城市具有明显的投入规模报酬递增, 而较强和较弱等级没有明显的投入规模报酬递增。

This paper established an evaluation index system of industrial competitiveness and examined the industrial competitiveness of 286 cities by using principal component analysis. We also studied the level of industrial competitiveness and the characteristics of spatial patterns in eight economic regions of China. Bringing agglomeration and external linkage which are the spatial elements into Cobb-Douglas production function, this paper analyzed the contribution degrees of technology, capital, labor and spatial elements at different levels of industrial development. The results are shown as follows. (1) The development level of industrial competitiveness in eastern coastal economic region is the highest among the eight regions, followed by south coastal economic region, north coastal economic region, northeast economic region, middle Yangtze River economic region, middle Yellow River economic region, northwest economic region and southwest economic region. Each economic region has its own spatial characteristics. (2) It is feasible to bring space elements into the production function model, which confirms that spatial elements have an important effect on the output though the contribution rates are different at different levels of industrial development. (3) With the advancement of industrial level, there are some trends as follows: the comprehensive technology first increases but then decreases; the labor force continues reducing, the capital increases steadily, and the space elements first decrease but then increase. Finally, the strong- and weak-level cities at the existing technical level have obvious increasing return to scale, while relatively strong- and relatively weak-level cities do not. The key point to promote the industrial development of the strong- and the weak-level cities is to strengthen the input of each element, yet for relatively strong- and relatively weak-level cities it is to change the structure of factor inputs and raise the contribution rates of capital and space elements.