住房成本和通勤成本是城市空间结构中两个相互关联的内生变量。居民在进行居住区位 选择时, 会在这两者之间进行权衡, 从而形成住房价格、建筑密度和通勤行为在空间上的变化规 律。本文回顾了通勤成本和住房成本间的理论均衡关系, 探讨了各种现实情况是如何影响这个理 论关系的; 并利用大规模调研所采集的北京市微观个体数据, 提供了这一互动关系的一些定量证 据; 最后从两个角度探讨了这种互动关系在城市管理的公共政策方面的宏观含义: 考虑通勤成本 后的住房支付能力评价, 以及就业与居住过度分离的社会效果分析。

Housing cost and commuting cost are two major and interrelated endogenous variables in urban spatial models. Households make trade - off between these two costs when choosing their residential locations, which in turn generate the spatial structure of housing price, construction density and commuting patterns. This paper reviews the theoretical equilibrium relationship between commuting cost and housing cost, discusses the impacts of various factors in real world on such a relationship, and provides some empirical evidence using the data from a special- designed survey in Beijing. We also discuss two implications of the empirical results in our paper for the public policies in urban growth management. One is that commuting cost should be considered together with housing cost when studying urban Households' housing affordability; the other is that the extreme departure of housing and jobs may produce negative outcomes, e.g., the bed - community at city edge, traffic congestion, air pollution, and spatial mismatch problem for disadvantaged population groups.