本文所指的地学是以地理学为主包括地质、气象、水文等以地球表层为研究对象的学科，其研究对象具有多因素相互作用的复杂性。本文在回顾了地理学／地学研究方法发展过程的基础上，分析了人工智能、专家系统、地理信息系统的相互关系，综述了专家系统在地学中的应用实例，最后分析了地学专家系统的发展趋势。

This article presents a review on the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Expert System(ES) in Geo sciences. Although there has been much progress in Geo sciences, they still lack the right capabilities to establish information systems to solve Geo problems, and it is urgent to study and apply AI and ES technology in Geo models and Geo systems to solve complex problems in the real world. This article examines many Geo ES systems established by Geo scientists and computer scientists in recent years, and discusses them in many detail aspects, such as in methodology, technology, Object Oriented features and integration problems. Finally, This paper suggests that it is urgent to study geo information mechanism to apply Geo expert system, Artificial Neuron Network and Fuzzy theory, because they may play a central role in next generation Geo expert systems based on case reasoning provided by GIS spatial database. With the quick development of spatial information technology, there will be a overall fusion of RDBMS,RS,GIS, GPS, AI, ES and DSS. Those technologies will be integrated into Intelligent Spatial Decision Support System(I-SDSS), and gain more power to solve PRED problems.