碳循环研究

土壤侵蚀对农田中土壤有机碳的影响

展开
  • 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130012
方华军(1978- ),男,博士生,主要从事土壤有机碳和土壤侵蚀方面的研究。E-mail: huajunfang@yahoo.com,huajunfang@mail.neigae.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2003-11-01

  修回日期: 2003-12-01

  网络出版日期: 2004-03-25

基金资助

中国科学院国外杰出人才支持项目(K09Z3)和国家自然科学基金(40271108)资助

Effect of Soil Erosion on Soil Organic Carbon in Cropland Landscape

Expand
  • Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, CAS| Changchun 130012

Received date: 2003-11-01

  Revised date: 2003-12-01

  Online published: 2004-03-25

摘要

碳主要在通气状态下释放出CO2以温室效应的形式影响全球变化。当前,农田土壤固碳过程是土壤碳循环研究中的一个前沿领域,其中农田土壤再分布过程能否导致土壤固碳已引起科学上、政治上以及社会上广泛的兴趣。本文从不同的尺度阐述土壤再分布过程对土壤有机碳的影响。分别阐述土壤侵蚀和再沉积过程在全球碳循环,陆地碳库研究中的作用,土壤侵蚀与农田景观土壤有机碳动态、活性组份以及碳通量之间的关系,土壤再分布过程引起的土壤固碳机理。在此基础上指出今后迫切需要解决的问题。

本文引用格式

方华军, 杨学明, 张晓平, 梁爱珍 . 土壤侵蚀对农田中土壤有机碳的影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2004 , 23(2) : 77 -87 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2004.02.010

Abstract

Soil organic carbon releases CO2 at the aeration status, which results in greenhouse effect and consequently influences global change. Currently sequestrating CO2 to agricultural soil is a front field in soil carbon cycle studies, among which whether agricultural soil redistribution leads to carbon sequestration has developed scientific,political and social interests. In this paper, the effects of soil redistribution on soil organic carbon in multi-scales are discussed. The significance of soil erosion and redeposition in the study of terrestrial carbon cycles, the relationship between soil redistribution and the missing sink, and the mechanism of carbon sequestration resulting from soil redistribution are expounded. Based on above analysis the stringent problems needed to resolve are put forward.

参考文献


[1] Lal R. Soil erosion and the global carbon budget.Environment international,2003,29: 437~450.

[2] Schimel D S, House J I, Hibbard K A, et al. Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature, 2001, 414:169~72.

[3] Pacala S W, Hurtt G C, Baker D, et al. Consistent land- and atmospherebased U.S. carbon sink estimates. Science, 2002, 292: 2316~23.

[4] Hurtt G C, Pacala S W, Moorcroft P R, Caspersen J, Shevliakova E, Houghton RA, et al. Projecting the future of the U.S. carbon sink. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2002,99:1389 ~1394.

[5] Myneni R B, Dong J, Tucker C J, Kaufmann R K, Kauppi P E, Liski J, et al. A large carbon sink in the woody biomass of northern forests. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 98(26):14784 ~ 14789.

[6] IPCC. Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. Cambridge University Press, UK. 2000

[7] Walling D E, Webb B W. Erosion and sediment yield: a global overview. Erosion and sediment yield: global and regional perspectives. Proc. Exeter Symp, July 1996. IAHS Publish, 1996, 236: 3~19.

[8] Schlesinger W H, Melack J M. Transport of organic carbon in the world's rivers. Tellus, 1981, 33(2): 172~187

[9] 方精云,刘国华,徐嵩龄. 中国陆地生态系统的碳循环及其全球意义. 见:王庚辰,温玉璞主编. 温室气体浓度和排放监测及相关过程.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996,129~139

[10] Ritchie J C.Organic matter content in sediment of three navigation pools along the upper Mississippi River. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 1988, 4: 343~349.

[11] Ritchie J C. Carbon content of sediments of small reservoirs. Water Resources Bulletin,1989, 25: 301~308.

[12] Lal R. World cropland soils as a source or sink for atmospheric C. Adv Agron 2000,71: 145~91.

[13] Lal R, Kimble J, Follett R. Knowledge gaps and researchable priorities. In: Lal R, Kimble J M, Follett R F, Stewart B A. (Eds.) Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1998, 595~604.

[14] Pennock D J, Anderson D W, de Jong E. Landscape-scale changes in indicators of soil quality due to cultivation in Saskatchewan. Canada. Geoderma, 1994, 64, 1~19.

[15] VandenBygaart A J. Erosion and deposition history derived by depth-stratigraphy of 137Cs and soil organic carbon. Soil & Tillage Research,2001,61: 187~192

[16] Ritchie J C, McCarty G W. 137Cesium and soil carbon in a small agricultural watershed. Soil & Tillage Research,2003,69 :45~51

[17] Stallard R F. Terrestrial sedimentation and the carbon cycle: coupling weathering and erosion to carbon burial. Global Biogeochem. Cycles , 1998,12: 231~257.

[18] Harden J W, Sharpe J M, Parton W P, Ojima D S, Fries T L, Huntington T G, Dabney S M. Dynamic replacement and loss of soil carbon on eroding cropland. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 1999, 14 (4): 855~901.

[19] McCarty G W, Ritchie J C. Impact of soil movement on carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 2002, 116: 423~430.

[20] Aerts R, Verhoeven J T A, Whigham D F. Plant-mediated controls on nutrient cycling in temperate fens and bogs. Ecology, 1999,80: 2170~2181.

[21] Bedford B L, Walbridge M R , Aldous A. Patterns in nutrient availability and plant diversity of temperate North American wetlands. Ecology ,1999,80: 2151~2169.

[22] Gregorich E.G., Greer K.J. Anderson D W, Liang B C. Carbon distribution and losses: erosion and deposition effects .Soil & Tillage Research, 1998,47: 291~302

[23] Chen J S, Chiu C Y. Effect of topography on the composition of soil organic substances in a perhumid sub-stropical montane forest ecosysteminTaiwan. GEODERMA, 2000,96:19~30

[24] Gregorich E G. Soil quality: A Canadian perspective. In: Cameron K C, Cornforth I S , McLaren R G , Beare M H, Basher L R, Metherell A K, Kerr L E. (Eds.), Soil Quality Indicators for Sustainable Agriculture in New Zealand: Proceedings of a Workshop. Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1996,40~52.

[25] Schimel D S, Coleman D C, Horton K A. Soil organic matter dynamics in paired rangeland and cropland toposequences in North Dakota. Geoderma. 1985a, 36:201~214.

[26] Woods L E, Schuman G E. Cultivation and slope position effects on soil organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1988, 52:1371~1376.

[27] Schimel D S, Kelly E F, Yonker C, Aguilar R, Heil R. Effects of erosional processes on nutrient cycling in semiarid landscapes. In: Caldwell D E, Brierley J A, Brierley C L. (Eds.), Planetary Ecology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, 1985b, 571~580.

[28] Van Veen J A, Paul E A. Organic carbon dynamics in grassland soils. 1. Background information and computer simulation
[J]. Can. J. Soil Sci., 1981, 61:185~201.

[29] Paustian K. Use of a network of long-term experiments for analysis of soil carbon dynamics and global change: the North American model. Australian journal of experimental agriculture. 1995, 35 (7): 929~939.

[30] Batjes N H. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the word. Eur .J . Soil .Sci ., 1996,47:151~163.

[31] Anderson D W . Decomposition of organic matter and carbon emissions from soils .in: Lal R et al(eds). Soil management and greenhouse effect. Advances in Soil Science .CRC Press Boca Raton .FL,165~175.

[32] Bajracharya R M, Lal R, Kimble J M. Diurnal and Seasonal CO2_C Flux from Soil as Related to Erosion Phases in Central Ohio
[J].Soil .Sci.Soc.Am .J. 2000, 64:286~293.

[33] Tisdall JM. Formation of soil aggregates and accumulation of soil organic matter. In: Carter MR, Stewart BA, editors. Structure and organic matter storage in agricultural soils. Boca Raton: CRC/Lewis Publishers; 1996, 57~96.

[34] Tisdall J M, Oades, J M.Organic matter and water stable aggregates in soils. J. Soil Sci. 1982,33:141~163.

[35] Benito E, Diza-Fierros F. Effect of cropping on the structural stability of soils rich in organic matter. Soil and Tillage Research, 1992,23:153~161.

[36] Boix-Fayos C, Calvo-Cases A, Imeson A C, et al., Influence of soil properties on the aggregation of some Mediterranean soils and the use of aggregate size and stability as land degradation indicators. Catena, 2001, 44: 47~67.

[37] Le bissonnais Y, Arrouays D. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility: II Application to humic loamy soils with various organic carbon contents. Europ. J. Soil Sci. 1997, 48:39~49.

[38] Amezketa E. Soil aggregate stability: a review. J. Sustainable Agriculture. 1999, 14:83~151.

[39] Wark K, Warner C F, Air pollution: Origion and control. I.E.P., New York ,1976, p 519.

[40] Rose N L. Inorganic fly-ash spherules as pollution tracers.Environ. Pollut, 1996, 91:245~252.

[41] Capp J P, Spencer J D. Fly ash utilization:A Summary of applications and technology. Information circular 8483. U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Mines. Washington, DC, 1970.

[42] Jones R L, Olson K R. Fly Ash Use as a Time Marker in Sedimentation Studies. Soil Sci. Am. J. 1990, 54: 855~859.

[43] 方华军、杨学明、张晓平.农田土壤有机碳动态研究进展.土壤通报, 2003, 34(5): 389~393.

[44] Lefroy R D B, Blair G J, Strong W M. P.Changes in soil organic matter with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and 13C natural isotope abundence. Plant Soil. 1993.155/156:399~402.

[45] Bernoux M, Cerri C C, Neill C, et al. The use of stable carbon isotopes for estimating soil organic matter turnover rates . Geoderma 1998, 82:43~58.

[46] Collins H P, Elliott E T, Paustian K, et al. Soil carbon pools and fluxes in long-term corn belt agroecosystems. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 2000,32:157~168.

[47] Roscoe R,Buurman P, Velthorst E J, et al. Soil organic matter dynamics in density and particle size fractions as revealed by the 13C/12C isotopic ratio in a Cerrado’s oxisol. GEODERMA. 2001, 104:185~202.

[48] 朴河春, 余登利. 林地变为玉米地后土壤轻质部分有机碳的13C/12C比值的变化. 土壤与环境, 2000, 9(3): 218~222.

文章导航

/