目前,我国产业已由高速发展阶段进入竞争阶段,研究产业竞争力具有非常重要的理论和现实意义。本文分析了产业竞争力的内涵,认为产业竞争力是在一定贸易条件下,产业所具有的开拓市场、占据市场并以此获得比竞争对手更多利润的能力,产业竞争力是衔接国家竞争力和企业竞争力的纽带。比较优势和竞争优势是产业竞争力研究的理论基础,比较优势是竞争优势的基础,竞争优势可以加强比较优势。影响产业竞争力的因素主要包括资源禀赋、区位条件、科学技术、产业组织和政策环境,并对它们进行了简要分析。最后,构建了用区位商综合评价产业竞争力的方法,并用其对东部沿海省市的制造业竞争力进行了评价。

China’s industries have changed form rapid development stage to competition stage in present time The study on industrial competitiveness is of great theoretical and practical importance This paper analyzes the connotation of industrial competitiveness, which is defined as the industries’ capability to exploit and hold the market compared with their counterparts under free trade market situation Industrial competitiveness is the ligament between national competitiveness and enterprise competitiveness Comparative advantage (which emphasizes the resourses endowment, capital and labor force) and competitive advantage (which emphasizes the industries’ market performance) are the analysis bases for industrial competitiveness research Comparative advantage is the foundation for competitive advantages while competitive advantage can enhance comparative advantage in return The factors affecting the industrial competitiveness, which include resources endowment, location factors, science and technology, industrial organization,and policy environments, are briefly analyzed This paper also makes exploration on industrial competitiveness evaluation system There are many comprehensive evaluation systems for industrial competitiveness Locational quotient is an effective way to assess industrial competitiveness by reflecting the industry’s specialization,although it is brevity in calculation By adding the industry’s different locational quotients together according to their weight, a new comprehensive industrial competitiveness evaluation system is constructed Then the industrial competitiveness of manufactures in eastern coastal provinces and municipalities in China is evaluated according to the locational quotient based evaluation system.