根据生态系统的生态环境功能,可以将生态环境需水量分为:河流生态环境需水量、植被生态用水量、用于湖泊湿地保护与恢复的生态环境需水量、城市生态环境需水量和回补超采地下水的生态环境需水量等。在此基础上,综述了各项生态环境需水量的计算方法,并提出了在生态环境需水量分类及计算方法方面需要进一步研究的问题。

With the economic development and population growth, the contradiction between water supply and demand has become more and more acute, and it has been aggravated further by the irrational utilization of water resources As a result, the deterioration and destruction of the ecological environment has become increasingly serious In order to effectively protect the ecological environment and improve its quality, researches on ecological and environmental water requirements (EEWR) have been carried out In this paper, progresses in the EEWR research were briefly summarized According to the ecological and environmental functions of the ecosystem, EEWR was mainly classified into several types, including EEWR of rivers, EEWR of vegetation, EEWR for protecting and restoring the ecological and environmental functions of lakes & wetlands, EEWR for cities, EEWR for restoring underground water table in the over exploited regions,etc Furthermore, their corresponding calculating methods were discussed In the end, issues necessary to be studied in this field were put forward For example, to establish a rational classification system, it was necessary to comprehensively study the regional differentiation of the eco environment, then to analyze water consuming characteristics of various ecosystems, and finally, to reveal water consuming rules for these ecosystems Furthermore, studies on the logical and accurate calculation methods for various types of EEWR should be strengthened.