藻类对重金属污染水体的生物修复
收稿日期: 2006-09-01
修回日期: 2006-11-01
网络出版日期: 2007-02-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(40473051),北京市优秀人才项目(20051A0501012),北京市资源环境与GIS 重点实验室项目共同资助.
Bior emediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Water by Algae
Received date: 2006-09-01
Revised date: 2006-11-01
Online published: 2007-02-20
江用彬,季宏兵 . 藻类对重金属污染水体的生物修复[J]. 地理科学进展, 2007 , 26(1) : 56 -67 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2007.01.006
Heavy metal pollution in aqueous system is a significant world- wide problem. Heavy metal ions which are present as ions in wastewater are toxic and can be readily absorbed into the human body through the food chain in aquatic ecosystem. The prevention of heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments is often performed by conventional methods. However, these methods have many disadvantages, such as incomplete metal removal, toxic sludge generation and cost inefficiency. Metal uptake by microorganisms has been studied for some years. Researches indicate that algae have the abilities to accumulate trace metals. Based on findings, technologies of bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated water by algae in living and nonliving form have been developed and got more and more attention around worldwide for its costeffective and environmental friendly characteristics. Some of the technologies in heavy metal removal, such as High Rate Algal Ponds and Algal Turf Scrubber, have been justified for some practical application in China and abroad and limitations of these methods in large scale still exist. As an innovative clean- up technology, it mainly depends on the biosorption and bioaccumulation abilities of algae, and the former is dominated in the whole process of bioremediation. Studies suggest that the constituents of algae cell wall such as alginate and fucoidan which have key functional groups are chiefly responsible for biosorption of heavy metal ions. Cell storage and extracellular polysaccharides play important role in heavy metal detoxification of algae. In order to quantification of metal - biomass interactions, several adsorption models are also discussed for algae so that we can evaluate their potential for metal uptake. Although a number of studies using different types of algae have proved that bioremediation is a more effective method for heavy metal removal than the conventional methods. However, there still exist some deficiencies in mechanism and application of bioremediation. So, further investigation is still needed to elucidate the process of bioremediation and optimize the maximum efficiency of removal, which is expected to lead to its large scale exploitation in our country.
Key words： algae; bioremediation; biosorption; heavy metal; uptake
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