论文

人类经济活动影响碳排放的国际研究动态

展开
  • 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101
刘慧(1964-),女,陕西兴平人,副研究员。目前主要从事区域发展、土地利用等方面的研究,已在国内外刊物上发表论文30余篇。

收稿日期: 2002-07-01

  修回日期: 2002-08-01

  网络出版日期: 2002-09-24

基金资助

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新工程主干科学计划专题“中国经济发展/能源消费结构与陆地碳循环相互作用过程及变化趋势”资助(CXIOQ-E01-05-04)

The International Latest Research of the Impacts of Human Activities on Carbon Emissions

Expand
  • Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS, Beijing 100101 China

Received date: 2002-07-01

  Revised date: 2002-08-01

  Online published: 2002-09-24

摘要

人类经济活动对碳排放的影响是国际全球变化研究的热点之一。根据国际上 2 0世纪 90年代以来大量研究计划与成果的分析 ,总结了当前国际上有关人类经济活动与碳排放研究的主要内容和研究方法。研究的主要内容集中在 :( 1 )能源消费与碳排放 ,包括与碳减排有关的能源消费结构的转换和低碳排放能源系统的建立 ;( 2 )经济发展与碳排放 ,主要探讨不同经济发展模式与碳排放的关系 ;( 3)农业生产与碳排放 ,包括土地利用变化、农业土地整治、农业生产水平与结构的变化等 ;( 4 )碳减排的经济风险分析与减排对策研究。在研究方法上 ,除了简单的相关分析、区域对比分析之外 ,基于大量数据的综合模型分析越来越受到重视。在基本反映国际上人类经济活动与碳排放研究的最新态势的同时 ,提出了我国碳循环研究中值得重视的几个问题。

本文引用格式

刘慧, 成升魁, 张雷 . 人类经济活动影响碳排放的国际研究动态[J]. 地理科学进展, 2002 , 21(5) : 420 -429 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2002.05.003

Abstract

Global warming has been becoming a world wide issue in which anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases (CO 2, CH 2, N 2O) plays a main role. According to the analysis of international study on it since 1990’s, this paper summarized the main contents and the methods of international research on the impacts of human activities on carbon emission. The main contents are: ① energy consumption and carbon emission, including the transform of the structure of energy consumption and the construction of low emission supply system (LESS) ; ② economic development and carbon emission, which focus on the relationship between the different economic development style and carbon emission, including economic development stage, economic structure, and economic development speed; ③ agriculture and carbon cycle, including the relationship between land use/land cover change and carbon cycle, impacts of management of agricultural land and restoration of degraded land on carbon cycle, and the influence of agricultural development level and structure’s change on carbon emission; ④ the economic cost of CO 2 emission limits and the strategies for optimal CO 2 emission abatement. Because carbon emission process caused by human activities is very complicated, more and more synthetical models, based on a vast amount of data, such as carbon emission/energy model, economic model of energy consumption and carbon emission limitation, DIAM model, etc., are used for analysis besides the traditional regression analysis and regional contrast analysis. Meanwhile, several issues on carbon cycle research that must be emphasized in China were analyzed.

参考文献

[1]  V itou sek P M,M ooney H A,J ane L ubchenco,M ellillo J M.H um an Dom ination of Earth’s Eco system s[J].S C IEN CE,1997,277(25):494-499.

[2]  C ru tzen P J.Geo logy of M ank ind[J].N A TU R E,2002,415(3):23.

[3]  Berry M o re IIIB H,B rasw ell J R.地球的新陈代谢:了解碳循环[J].A M B IO,1994,23(2):4212.

[4]  M ah lm an J D.U ncertain tien s in P ro jection s of H um an2Cau sed C lim ate W arm ing[J].S cience,1997,278(21):1416-1417.

[5]  耿元波,董云社,孟维奇.陆地碳循环研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2000,19(4):297-305.

[6]  王绍强,周成虎,夏杰.U SGCR P碳循环研究的最新动向[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(5):592-596.

[7]  M artin Parry,N igel A rnell,M ike H u lm e et al.Bueno s A ires and Kyo to T argets do L ittle to R educe C lim ateChange Im p acts[J].G loba l E v ironm en ta l Chang e,1998,8(4):2852289.

[8]  U N FCCC.1997.Kyo to P ro toco l to the U n ited N ation s F ranm W o rk Conven tion on C lim ate Change.FCCC 1997L.7 A dd.1,Kyo to,J ap an.

[9]  邹骥.环球时报,2001-7-27.

[10]  田利平.煤正在变成树[D].北京青年报,2001-7-2.

[11]  陈宜瑜.中国全球变化的研究方向[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(4):319-323.

[12]  Sidd iqi T A.亚洲化石燃料利用所产生的二氧化碳排放:总的看法[J].A M B IO(中文版),1996,25(4):2282-31.

[13]  Sidd iqi T A.T he A sia F inancial C risis——is it good fo r the g lobal environm en t?[J]G loba l E nv ironm en ta lChang e,2000,10:1-7.

[14]  于贵瑞,牛栋,王秋凤.气候变化框架公约谈判进程及我国的对策[J].资源科学,2001,23(6):10-16.

[15]  K inzig A P et al.N ational T rajecto ries of Carbon Em ission:analysis of p ropo sals to fo ster the tran sition to low e2conom ic[J].G loba l E nv ironm en ta l Chang e,1998,8:183-208.

[16]  刘强,刘嘉麒,贺怀宇.温室气体浓度变化及其源与汇研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):4542460.

[17]  Eh san M asood.A sian Econom ic L ead Increase in Carbon D iox ide Em ission s[J].N A TU R E,1997,388(17):213.

[18]  Scho les R J,N ob le I R.Sto ring Carbon on L and[J].S C IEN CE,2001,29(2):101221013.

[19]  Ch ristop her Green.Po ten tial Scal2R elated P rob lem s in E stim ating the Co st of COM itigation Po licies[J].C lim a tic Chang e,2000,44:331-349.

[20]  M cN eill J R.Dow sing the H um an V o lcano[J].N A TU R E,2000,407(12):6742675.

[21]  Sissiqi T A.T he A sian F inancial C risis——is it good fo r the g lobal environm en t?[J]G loba l E v ironm en ta l Chang e,2000,10:1-7.

[22]  Hoesung L ee,周大地,Yonghun J ung等.亚太国家温室气体排放清单及其缓解策略:会议报告和工作组讨论记要[J].AM B IO,1996,25(4):220-225.

[23]  Hoffert M F,Calderia K,J ain A K et al.Energy Im p lication s of Fu tu re Stab ilization of A tm o sp heric CO 2 Con ten t[J].N A TU R E,1998,395:881-884.

[24]  Ish itan i H,Johan sson T B.Energy Supp ly M itigation System[A].In:W atson R T et al.C lim ate Change 1995:Im p acts,A dap tation s and M itigation of C lim ate Change[C].Cam b ridge U n iversity P ress,Ch.19,587-648.

[25]  R ik L eem an s,A nd re V an Am stel,Coo s Battjes et al.T he L and Cover and Carbon Cycle Con sequences of L argeScale U tilization s of B iom ass as an Energy Sou rce[J].G loba l E nv irnm en ta l Chang e,6(4):355-357.

[26]  W ilfrid Bach.气候保护战略的重新审视[J].A M B IO,1998,27(7):498-505.

[27]  Tony R eichard t.Em ission Fall D esp ite Econom ic Grow th[J].N A TU R E,1999,400(5):494.

[28]  Ph ilip Robertson G,Pau l E A,H arw ood R R.Greenhou se Gases in In ten sive A g ricu ltu re:Con tribu tion s of Ind ividual Gases to the R atiative Fo rcing of the A tm o sp here[J].S C IEN CE,2000,289(15):1922-1925.

[29]  D um an sk i J,D esjard in s R L,T arnocai C et al.Po ssib ilities fo r Fu tu re Carbon Sequeatration in Canad ian A g ricu ltu re in R elation to L and u se Chang s[J].C lim a tic Chang e,1998,40:81-103.

[30]  Keith Pau stian,V ernon Co le C.CO 2 M itigation by A g ricu ltu re:A n O verview[J].C lim a tic Chang e,1998,40:135-162.

[31]  W ilson A T.P ioneer A g ricu ltu re exp lo sion and CO 2 levels in the A tm o sp here[J].N A TU R E,1978,273:40-41.

[32]  M o sier A R,D uxbu ry J M,F rreney J R et al.M itigation A g ricu ltu ral Em ission of M ethane[J].C lim a tic Chang e,1998,40:39-80.

[33]  王绍强,陈育峰.陆地表层碳循环模型研究及其趋势[J].地理科学进展,1998,17(4):64-72.

[34]  李晓兵.国际土地利用2土地覆盖变化的环境影响研究[J].地球科学进展,1999(4):395-400.

[35]  Hough ton R A,H acker J L,L aw rence K T.T he U.S.Carbon Budget:Con tribu tion s F rom L and U se Change[J].S C IEN CE,1999,23(285):574-578.

[36]  Casp ersen J P,Pacala S W,J enk in J C et al.B ird sey,Con tribu tion of L and2U se H isto ry to Carbon A ccum u lationin U.S.Fo rests[J].S C IEN CE,2000,290(10):1148-1151.

[37]  J ingyun Fang,A np ing Chen,Changhu i Peng et al.Chang s in Fo rest B iom ass Carbon Sto rage in Ch ina Betw een1949 and 1998[J].S C IEN CE,2001,292(22):2320-2322.

[38]  Hough ton R A,Sko le D L,N ob re C A et al.A nnual F luxes of Carbon F rom D efo restation and R eg row th in theB razilian Am azon[J].N A TU R E,2000,403(20):301-304.

[39]  Hough ton R A et al.T he flux of Carbon from terrestrial eco system s to the atm o sp here in 1980 due to Changes inL and U se:Geog rap h ic D istribu tion of Glob le F lux[J].Tellus,1987,39B:122-139.

[40]  B row n S,L ugo A E.Effects of Fo rest C learing and Succession on the Carbon and N itrogen Con ten t of So il inPuerto R ico and U S V ig in Island s[J].P lan t snd S oil,1990,124:53-64.

[41]  U ri N D.H erby B loodw o rth,Global C lim ate Change and the Effect of Con servation P ractices in U.S.A g ricu ltu re[J].G loba l E nv ironm en ta l Chang e,2000,10:197-209.

[42]  Su san Subak.A g ricu tu ral So il Carbon A ccum u lation in N o rth Am erica:Con sideration s fo r C lim ate Po licy[J].G loba l E nv ironm en ta l Chang e,2000,10:185-195.

[43]  V ernon Co le C,K lau s F lach,J rffery L ee et al.A g ricu ltu ral Sou rces and Sink s of Carbon[J].W a ter,A ire,andS oil P ollu tion,1993,70:111-122.

[44]  M anne A S,R ichels R G.A n A lternative A pp roach to E stab lish ing T rade2offs Am ong Greenhou se Gases[J].N A TU R E,2001,410(5):675-677.

[45]  Ho ller P,D ean A,H ayafu iM.N ew Issues,N ew R esu lts:T he O ECD’s Second Su rvey of M acroeconom ic Co stsof R educing CO 2 Em ission s[M].O ECD Econom ic W o rk ing Pap er no.123,Paris,1992.

[46]  M anne A S,R ichels R G.Buying Greenhou se In su rance:T he Econom ic Co st of CO 2 Em ission s L im its[M].M ITP ress,Cam b ridge,M A,1992.

[47]  H a2D uong M,Grubb M J,Hou rcade J C.Influence of Socioeconom ic Inertia and U ncertain ty on O p tim al COm ission A batem en t[J].N A TU R E,1997,390(20):2702273.

[48]  D e L eo G A,L uca R izzi,A nd rea Caizzi,M arino Gatto s.T he Econom ic Benefits of T he Kyo to P ro toco l[J].N A TU R E,2001,413(4):478-479.

[49]  W ig ley T M L,R ichels R,Edm ond s J A.Econom ic and Environm en tal Cho ices in the Stab ilization of A tm o sp her-ic CO 2 Concen tration s[J].N A TU R E,1996,379(18):240-243.

[50]  Schneider S H,Gou lder L H.A ch ieving L ow 2co st Em ission s T argets[J].N A TU R E,1997,389(4):13-14.

[51]  H amm itt J K,L em p ert R J,Sch lesinger M E.A Sequen tial2D ecision Strategy Fo r A bating C lim ate Change[J].N A TU R E,1992,357(28):315-318.

[52]  汪业勖,赵士洞,牛栋.陆地土壤碳循环的研究动态[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(5):29-35.

[53]  陈庆强,沈承德,易唯熙等.土壤碳循环研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(6):555563.

[54]  王绍强,周成虎,罗成文.中国陆地自然植被碳量空间分布特征探讨[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(3):238-244.

[55]  张洪波,管东生,郑淑颖.热带雨林的碳循环及其意义[J].热带地理,2001,21(2):178-182.

[56]  袁道先.岩溶作用与碳循环研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(5):425-432.

[57]  郭李萍,林而达.减缓全球变暖与温室气体吸收汇研究进展[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(4):384-390.

[58]  李凌浩.土地利用变化对草原生态系统土壤碳贮量的影响[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):300-302.

[59]  李中佩,王效举.红壤丘陵区土地利用方式变更后土壤有机质碳动态变化模拟[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(4):365-370.

[60]  王岩,沈其荣,史瑞和等.有机、无机肥料施用后土壤生物量C、N、P的变化及N素转化[J].土壤学报,1998,35(2):222-234.
文章导航

/