对中国区域经济格局的研究较多，但以小尺度单元、时间连续、同时关注经济水平和经济增速的研究较少。本文以地级行政单位为研究单元，运用基尼系数、泰尔指数、沃尔夫森指数、集中指数、空间自相关方法和比重法分析了1990 年以来中国经济总体空间差异与极化程度、经济水平和增速的全局空间自相关和“热点区”、各地经济地位的变化，并总结了主要驱动因素和演变模式。研究表明：①全国总体空间差异与极化在波动中明显增大，2003 年以后继续增大。②沿海主要城市群、省会城市、特殊资源城市是“经济热点”，与其他地区之间的差距逐步增大。③经济水平和经济增长的空间集聚特征明显，与全国总体经济增速具有耦合关系。④经济区位、区域政策、特殊自然资源、发展基础是中国区域经济格局形成与演变的主要驱动因素。
Although the increasing regional economic pattern of China is commented and studied extensively, relatively few studies are available on small spatial units, level of economic development and economic growth rate. The focus of this research is to examine spatial inequality, polarization and autocorrelation of the economy in China. Population and GDP data for prefectures in the period 1990-2008 were used. Level of economic development, economic growth rate and economic status were evaluated with Gini coefficient, Theil index, Wolfson index, H index, ESDA and specific gravity method. Main driving factors and the mode of evolution were then summarized.
The research reveals that (1) there has been an overall upward trend of spatial inequality and polarization since 1990, and it has been still obvious since 2003; (2) economic hotspot areas include coastal urban agglomerations, provincial capitals and special resource-concentrated cities. There exists an increasing gap between economic hotspot areas and other regions; (3) the trend of spatial conglomeration of the level of economic development and economic growth rate at prefecture level in China is obvious, which is also interrelated to economic growth rate of the whole country; (4) the main driving factors of the evolution of regional economic pattern can be identified, such as economic location, regional development policy, special resources and background of historical development.
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