如何实现区域陆地生态系统碳增汇(carbon sequestration)、如何科学地评估/认证其碳汇效应，目前仍是一个颇具争议的科学问题。本文探讨了区域陆地生态系统碳增汇途径，并对现阶段中国陆地生态系统主要人为管理措施的碳汇效应进行了定性评价。从技术和经济可行性看，许多人为管理措施均具有较明显的碳汇效应；但在确定技术或经济投入规模时，应充分考虑特定人为管理措施下生态系统碳增汇的特征曲线，合理地控制投入，实现人为管理措施碳增汇效应最优化。此外，基于定性评价结果，本文分别针对森林、草地、农田和湿地生态系统提出了行之有效的碳汇管理措施。建议相关科学家围绕这些已较大面积推广的管理措施，深入研究其碳收支过程及其机理，尽快提出科学的、可验证的碳增汇认证方法，为科学地评估中国陆地生态系统碳汇功能提供理论依据。
What are the optimizing artificial managements to enhance carbon (C) sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems at regional scales, and how to evaluate them, are of concern for ecologists, environmental experts, and government officials. In this study, we first discussed the approaches to enhance C sequestration by natural processes and human activity, respectively. Based on an expert assessment system, we then evaluated qualitatively the effect of C sequestration of various artificial managements, which had been utilizing widely in forest, grassland, farmland, and wetland ecosystems in China. We found that most of artificial managements have apparent capacity to enhance C sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems, and are feasible in view of technology and economy. Base on our qualitatively evaluation, we proposed 2 or 3 artificial managements for forest, grassland, farmland and wetland ecosystems, respectively, which have evident potential to enhance C sequestration and are easy to be extended. Furthermore, we found that some artificial managements mentioned above have not been adopted in 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. In order to put forward scientific foundation and finally promote these artificial managements accepted by IPCC, scientists therefore should select these excellent managements for terrestrial ecosystems in China to investigate systematically the processes of C cycle and C sequestration, and to develop new methods for the evaluation of C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems.
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