农业景观对土壤侵蚀的适应机制研究初探
收稿日期: 2008-01-01
修回日期: 2008-04-01
网络出版日期: 2008-05-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40601001);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD20B07;2007BAC03A10);中央级公益性 科研院所专项资金资助项目(2008- IARRP- 01)
Preliminary Theory of Adaptation Mechanisms of Soil Erosion in Agr icultur al Landscape
Received date: 2008-01-01
Revised date: 2008-04-01
Online published: 2008-05-25
随着气候变化对农业系统的影响不断加剧,为保障粮食安全,必须掌握变化中的自然与人文因素,判别农 业景观中可调整的关键机制,依据未来的可能情景,尽早订定农业景观优化方案。本研究以土壤侵蚀问题为切入 点,整合相关的环境因子,构建农业景观对土壤侵蚀适应性的研究框架。基本思路为首先通过目前气候变化对土壤 侵蚀的影响研究,为不同时空尺度上土壤侵蚀发生、发展趋势提供理论依据;其次,从增强未来农业景观对土壤侵 蚀适应能力的角度,详细讨论景观类型、空间配置和管理措施等与土壤侵蚀的关系,以提高农业景观优化配置的针 对性;最后,为科学评价农业景观对土壤侵蚀适应的程度,基于Agent 模型原理设计土壤侵蚀模拟模型,通过不同 土壤侵蚀情景下景观类型、结构、空间配置和管理措施等的适应性分析,为有效提升区域农业景观的土壤抗侵蚀能 力提供科学依据。
李正国,周清波,王仰麟,张小飞 . 农业景观对土壤侵蚀的适应机制研究初探[J]. 地理科学进展, 2008 , 27(3) : 29 -37 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2008.03.005
The consensus of atmospheric scientists is that climate change is occurring and affecting agricultural system increasingly. To maintain food security at a regional scale, we should recognize the key adjustable factors in agriculture management and design an optimized plan for agricultural landscape under climate change. This paper aimed at future soil erosion changes and tried to construct a research scheme for adaptation in agricultural landscape by combing related environmental factors. Firstly, to provide a scientific basis for prediction of soil erosion trends at various spatio- temporal scales, we summarized related studies about the influences of climate and land use change on soil erosion. Secondly, from the point of strengthening the adaptation ability to soil erosion, the relationships between landscape characteristics (landscape types, spatial patterns and crop management conditions) and soil erosion were fully discussed to improve the adaptation of optimized configuration in agricultural landscape. Finally, for evaluating the adaptation degree of agricultural landscape, soil loss and runoff were then predicted with an agent - based erosion model under future climate scenarios, which can help management of valuable cropland and suggest the need for continually changing soil conservation strategies.
Key words: adaptation mechanisms; agricultural landscape; soil erosion
[1] Angima A D, Stott D E, O'Nell M K, et al. Soil erosion prediction using RUSLE for central Kenyan highland conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2003, 97: 295~308.
[2] Jetten V, Roo A D, Favis-Mortlock D. Evaluation of fieldscale and catchment - scale soil erosion models. Catena, 1999, 37: 521~541.
[3] Stanley S W, Pierre C. U.S. soil erosion rates- myth and reality. Science, 2000, 289: 248~250.
[4] Russell S H, William W D. Landscape Erosion and Evolution Modeling. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2001.
[5] 陈百明, 刘新卫, 杨红. LUCC 研究的最新进展评述. soil erosion and nitrogen loss in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China. Land Degradation & Development, 2004, 15:87~96.
[6] 史培军, 宋长青, 景贵飞. 加强我国土地利用/覆盖变化 及其对生态环境安全影响的研究. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(2): 161~168.
[7] Williams J, M A Nearing, A Nicks, et a1. Using soil erosion models for global change studies.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1996, 51 (5): 381~385.
[8] Nearing A M. Potential changes in rainfall erosivity in the U.S. with climate change during 21st century. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2001, 56 (3): 229~232.
[9] Rosenzweig C and D Hillel. Climate change and the global harvest. Potential impacts of the greenhouse effect on agriculture. Oxford University Press, Inc. New York, 1998.
[10] Favis-Mortloek D T and A J T Guerra. The implications of general circulation model estimates of rainfall for future erosion: a case study from Brazil. Catena, 1999, 37: 329~ 354.
[11] Southworth, J, Habeck, M, Pfeifer, R A, Randolph, J C, Doering, O, Ganghadar Rao, D. Sensitivity of winter wheat yields in the Midwestern United States to future changes in climate, climate variability, and CO2 fertilization. Climate Research, 2002, 22 (1), 73~86.
[12] Southworth J, Randolph J C, Habeck M, Doering O C, Pfeifer R A, Gangadhar Rao D, Johnston J J. Consequences of future climate change and changing climate variability on maize yields in the midwestern United States. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000, 82, 139~158.
[13] Pfeifer R A, Southworth J, Doering O C, Moore L. Climate variability impacts on farm- level risk. In: Doering, O C, Randolph, J C, Southworth, J, Pfeifer, R A. (Eds.), Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Agricultural Production Systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2002.
[14] SWCS (Soil and Water Conservation Society). Conservation implications of climate change: soil erosion and runoff from cropland. SWCS: Ankeny, Iowa, USA, 2003.
[15] Favis-Mortlock D T, Boardman J. Nonlinear responses of soil erosion to climate change: a modeling study on the UK South Downs. Catena, 1995, 25, 365~387.
[16] Schulze R. Transcending scales of space and time in impact studies of climate and climate change on agrohydrological responses. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2000, 82, 185~212.
[17] Gao Q, Ci L, Yu, M. Modeling wind and water erosion in northern China under climate and land use changes. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2002, 57 (1), 46~55.
[18] Leek R, Olsen P. Modelling climatic erosivity as a factor for soil erosion in Denmark: changes and temporal trends. Soil Use and Management, 2000, 16, 61~65.
[19] Favis -Mortlock M R, Savabi. Shifts in rates and spatial distributions of soil erosion and deposition under climate change in: Anderson M G, Brooks S M (Eds) Advances in Hillslope Processes, 1996: 529~560.
[20] Pruski F F, Nearing M A. Climate - induced changes in erosion during the 21st century for eight U.S. locations. Water Resources Research, 2002, 38 (12), 1298.
[21] IPCC. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Mc Carthy J J, Canziani O F , Leary N A, et al, eds. Cambrige , United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
[22] 陈宜瑜. 对开展全球变化区域适应研究的几点看法. 地 球科学进展, 2004, 19(4): 495~499.
[23] IPCC, 2007. In: Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, J. P., et al., (Eds.), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press.
[24] 叶笃正. 中国的全球变化与可持续发展研究. 地球科学 进展, 1999, 14(4): 317~318.
[25] 符淙斌, 安芷生. 我国北方干旱化研究- 面向国家需求的 全球变化科学问题. 地学前缘, 2002, 9: 271~275.
[26] 史培军, 邹铭, 李保俊等. 从区域安全建设到风险管理 体系的形成———从第一届世界风险大会看灾害与风险 研究的现状与发展趋向. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20(2): 173~179.
[27] 王仰麟, 韩荡. 农业景观的生态规划与设计. 应用生态 学报, 2000, 11(2):265~269.
[28] 周佩华, 刘炳武, 王占礼等. 黄土高原土壤侵蚀特点与 植被对土壤侵蚀影响的研究. 水土保持通报, 1991, 11 (5): 26~31.
[29] 刘宝元, 谢云, 张科利. 土壤侵蚀预报模型, 北京: 中国 科学技术出版社, 2001.
[30] 邱扬, 傅伯杰, 王勇. 土壤侵蚀时空变异及其与环境 因子的时空关系. 水土保持学报, 2002, 16(1): 108~111.
[31] 朱连奇, 许叔明, 陈沛云. 山区土地利用/覆被变化对土 壤侵蚀的影响.地理研究, 2003, 22(4): 432~438.
[32] 傅伯杰, 陈利顶, 马克明. 黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用 变化对生态环境的影响- 以延安市羊圈沟流域为例. 地 理学报, 1999, 54(3): 241~246.
[33] 傅伯杰, 陈利顶, 邱扬等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用结 构与生态过程. 商务出版社. 2002.
[34] Fu B J, Meng Q H, Qiu Y, et al. Effects of land use on soil erosion and nitrogen loss in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China. Land Degradation & Development, 2004, 15:87~96.
[35] Sánchez L A, Ataroff M, López R. Soil erosion under different vegetation covers in the Venezuelan Andes. The environmentalist. 2002, 22:161~172.
[36] Erskine W D, Mahmoudzadeh A, Myer C. Land use effects on sediment yields and soil loss rates in small basins of Triassic sandstone near Sydney, NSW, Australia. Catena, 2002,49: 271~287.
[37] Van Rompaey A J J, Govers G, Puttemans C. Special issues: modeling land use changes and the impact on soil erosion and sediment supply to rivers. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.2002, 27:481~494.
[38] Ludwig B, Boiffin J, Chadoeuf J, et al. Hydrological structure and erosion damage caused by concentrated flow in cultivated catchments. Catena, 1995, 25: 227~252.
[39] Vandaele K, Poesen J. Spatial and temporal patterns soil erosion rates in an agricultural catchment, central Belgium. Catena, 1995, 25: 213~226.
[40] Slattery M C, Burt T P. Particle size characteristics of suspended sediment in hillslope runoff and stream flow. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1997, 22:705~719.
[41] Taken I. Beuselinck L, Nachtergaele J, et al. Spatial evaluation of a physically - based distributed erosion model (LISEM). Catena, 1999, 37:431~447.
[42] 傅伯杰, 邱扬, 王军等. 黄土丘陵小流域土地利用变 化对水土流失的影响. 地理学报, 2002, 57(6): 717~722.
[43] Oost K V, Govers G, Desmet P. Evaluating the effects of changes in landscape structure on soil erosion by water and tillage. Landscape Ecology, 2000, 15: 577~589.
[44] Clarke M L, Rendell M. The impact of the farming practice of remodeling hillslope topography on badland morphology and soil erosion process. Catena, 2000, 40 (2): 229~250.
[45] 蒋定生. 黄土高原水土流失与治理模式. 北京: 中国水利 水电出版社, 1997.
[46] 杨文治, 余存祖. 黄土高原区域治理与评价. 北京: 科学 出版社, 1992.
[47] Brent M S, Dennis P G, Meine V N. The effects of scales, flows and filters on property rights andcollective action in watershed management. Water Policy, 2001, 3: 457~474.
[48] Yu B. A unified framework for water erosion and deposition equation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2003, 67(1): 251~257.
[49] 胡良军, 李锐, 杨勤科. 基于GIS 的区域水土流失评价 研究. 土壤学报, 2001, 38(2): 167~175.
[50] Victor J, Ad D R, David F M. Evaluation of field - scale and catchment - scale soil erosion models. Catena, 1999, 37: 521~541.
[51] 倪九派, 谢春燕, 魏朝富等. 土壤侵蚀预测模型研究进 展. 中国水土保持科学, 2005, 3(1): 66~71.
[52] Ramos M C, Martinez- Casasnovas J A. Erosion rates and nutrient losses affected by composted cattle manure application in vineyard soils of NE Spain. Catena, 2006, 68: 177~185.
[53] 闫云霞, 许炯心. 黄土高原地区侵蚀产沙的尺度效应研 究初探. 中国科学(D 辑), 2006, 36(8): 767~776.
[54] 薛领, 杨开忠. 复杂性科学理论与区域空间演化模拟 研究. 地理研究, 2002, 21(1):79~88.
[55] O'Sullivan D, M Haklay. Agent - based models and individualism: is the world agent - based? Environment and Planning A, 2000, 32(8): 1409~1425.
/
〈 | 〉 |