中国城乡居民食品消费碳排放对比分析
网络出版日期: 2009-05-25
基金资助
国家环境保护公益性行业专项研究课题(200709009)
Analysis of Carbon Emission Caused by Food Consumption in Urban and Rural Inhabitants in China
Online published: 2009-05-25
可持续的家庭消费是社会可持续发展的基础，食品消费是家庭消费的重要内容，本研究1978-2006年国家统计数据，通过对中国城乡居民食品消费结构差异以及食品消费周期中能源、化学品等物质投入进行分析，从直接和间接两个方面研究城乡居民食品消费对碳排放产生的影响。主要结论包括：①随着社会经济发展，中国居民食品消费结构的改变，对碳排放的影响逐渐增强，因为消费相同重量的肉蛋奶等制品所产生的碳排放量高于粮食消费；②城镇居民在食品消费碳排放总量上高于农村居民，其中，直接碳排放量农村居民高于城镇居民；间接碳排放量城镇居民高于农村居民。城镇居民的饮食消费习惯不利于减少食品消费碳排放量，农村人口进入城市将增加居民食品消费对碳排放的影响。③提高食品消费相关行业的能源利用效率可以有效地降低食品消费间接能源消费碳排放量。研究结论为研究食品消费对环境的影响以及引导可持续的家庭消费模式提供一定的科学依据。
关键词： 食品消费；城乡差异；碳排放；城市化；中国
智静1,2,3|高吉喜1,3 . 中国城乡居民食品消费碳排放对比分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2009 , 28(3) : 429 -434 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.03.016
Household is the unit of society, and its development is the basis for sustainable development of society. Food consumption is one of the most important parts of family life. This article, which is based on official data, analyses the differences in food consumptions and the input of energy, agrochemical and other materials between urban inhabitants and rural inhabitants. On this basis, the article quantifies the impact of carbon emission caused by food consumption. The results indicated that the impact on carbon emission by food consumption is increasing according to the economic development and urban inhabitants generate more food consumption carbon emission than the rural inhabitants. In the respect of direct carbon emission per capita, rural inhabitants generate more than city inhabitants, but the indirect carbon emission of urban inhabitants far outweighs the amount of rural inhabitants. City residents are inclined to eat more non-staple foods, processed foods or attractively-packaged foods and the increase in indirect energy and the input of other materials will increase markedly. The key to mitigating the impact on carbon emission by food consumption is to advocate low-carbon food habit and improve energy utilization of relevant industries.
[1] Galloway J N. The global nitrogen cycle: Changes and consequences. Environmental Pollution,1998,102(sl):15-24.
[2] Faist M, Kytzia S, Baccini P. The impact of household food consumption on resource and energy. International Journal of Environment and Pollution,2001,15(2):183-199.
[3] Biesiot W, Moll H C. Reduction of CO2 emissions by lifestyle changes. Final Report to the NRP Global Air Pollution and Climate Changes. IVEM Onderzoeksrapport no. 80, Centre for Energy and Environmental Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 1995.
[4] Munksgaard J. Applications of IO models for LCA: Some experiences from the energy area// Weidema B P, Nielsen A M. Input/Output analysis_Shortcuts to life cycle data? Environmental Project No.581, Milj?覫styrelsen, Ministry for Environment and Enery, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2001， 33-41.
[5] Kaufmann J, Chevrot F. The Environmental Impact of Household Food Consumption: The Case of the United States. Draft Report to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Massachusetts Institute of Technology—Center for Environmental Initiatives. Cambridge, 2000.
[6] Payer H, Burger P, Lorek S. The environmental impacts of household food consumotion in Austria: National case study. Paper for the OECD Environment Directorate, Programme on Sustainable Consumption, May 2000_November，2000.
[7] 司金銮. 论生态需要满足及其实现路径. 当代财经, 2001(10): 29-31.
[8] 罗婷文. 北京城市家庭消费碳氮排放特征及影响因素分析. 北京:中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 2007.
[9] 刘晶茹，王如松，王震， 等. 中国城市家庭代谢及其影响因素分析. 生态学报, 2002,23(12):2672-2676.
[10] 黎东升. 中国城乡居民食物消费. 北京:中国经济出版社, 2005: 15-18.
[11] 杜江，李炳毅. 城镇居民分类消费行为差异的实证分析. 商业经济与管理, 2000(1):72-76.
[12] 贺晓丽. 我国城乡居民食品消费差异现状分析. 农业经济问题, 2001(5):30-34.
[13] 黎东升，查金祥. 农村居民食物消费的基本特征分析. 农村经济, 2003(10): 50-53.
[14] 李国祥，李学术. 我国城乡居民收入与食品消费. 中国农村经济, 2000(7):31-33.
[15] 任辉，杨印生，曹丽江. 食品生命周期评价方法及其应用研究. 农业工程学报,2006，22(1)：19-22.
[16] 范小杉,高吉喜. 中国食品生产消费农用化学品足迹分析. 现代化工,2008(5): 55-64.
[17] 蒙少东. 浅谈我国食品供应链的瓶颈制约与因应对策. 商业经济,2007(12): 81-82.
[18] “满足发展潜力下，中国能源需求研究”中国社会科学院数量. 经济与技术经济研究，2007.
[19] 徐国泉，刘泽州，姜照华. 中国碳排放的因素分解模型及实证分析：1995-2004. 中国人口-资源与环境，2006，16（6）：158-161.
[20] 王峥，朱永彬. 我国各省区碳排放量状况及减排对策研究. 中国科学院院刊，2008，23（2）：109-115.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |