土地制度对北京制造业空间分布的影响
收稿日期: 2009-06-01
修回日期: 2010-02-01
网络出版日期: 2010-07-25
基金资助
北京大学—林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心论文奖学金。
Land Policy and the Geographies of Manufacturing Industries: A Case Study of Beijing
Received date: 2009-06-01
Revised date: 2010-02-01
Online published: 2010-07-25
自改革开放以来，中国制造业“地图”发生了很大变化。国内外许多学者认为，政府放松管制和要素配置市场化是中国制造业空间变化的主要原因。但在较微观的层面，土地供应、政府管制在制造业空间变化中起了主导作用。在这个过程中，土地制度的变革扮演着重要角色。本文以北京市为例，通过1985和2004年度制造业企业数据的分析，分析了北京制造业空间变化的特征，并试图揭示土地制度变革在其中扮演的角色。首先，土地由无偿划拨到有偿使用加速了工业郊区化的进程；其次，政府通过确定工业用地的供给方向、数量和时间等，决定着制造业空间转移的方向；第三，土地产权改革以及农用地向建设用地的流转促进了乡村工业化的进程，乡镇企业的快速发展在制造业空间变化中也起到了重要作用。
高菠阳,刘卫东,Glen Norcliffe, 杜超 . 土地制度对北京制造业空间分布的影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010 , 29(7) : 878 -886 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.07.015
Since the 1980s, the geography of manufacturing has undergone a dramatic transformation in the cities of China. Land policy reforms have played an important role in these spatial changes. This article takes Beijing as a study case, and investigates the spatial changes of manufacturing using unpublished plant-level data for 1985 and 2004. Interviews with more than 20 of the firms and with the administrative agencies in the development zones, done between April 2007 and June 2008 in Beijing, seek answers to the following two key questions. What are the main characteristics of the spatial changes of manufacturing in Beijing? How does land policy reform affect the process of the spatial changes? The result shows that Beijing has experienced the process both of industrial decentralization out of the center and of agglomeration in various types of development zones across the city. In this process, land policy reforms have the influence in three aspects: (1) the switch from rent free land-use to paid land-use promotes a more optimal spatial structure of manufacturing; (2) land supply system and land planning give direction to the development of the manufacturing industry; (3) land property reforms and the transition from agricultural land to construction land in rural areas accelerate the process of rural industrialization and the development of industrial parks.
Key words： China; decentralization; land policy; manufacturing industry; spatial changes
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