做好云南的环境保护不仅事关当地的可持续发展,而且有区域性乃至国际性的意义。尽管“十一五”期间云南环境保护工作取得了积极进展,但仍然面临经济发展与环境保护的矛盾、污染减排和东部污染转移以及跨境环境保护压力等严峻挑战；面临着严重的水环境、土壤重金属和农村环境污染、生物多样性丧失与外来物种侵入以及环境监管能力较弱等突出问题。需采取积极措施进行产业布局的环境调控,促进经济发展方式转变；要加强以饮用水源和重点流域为重点的水污染防治、以二氧化硫及氮氧化物的减排为重点的大气污染治理、以危险废物安全处置为重点的固体废物污染防治等污染防治工作；高度重视以生物多样性保护和重金属污染防治为重点的生态环境保护,提高环境风险的防范能力；积极创新环境管理政策及机制,加强环境监管能力建设,全面提升环境管理水平。

Environmental protection in Yunnan Province is related to local sustainable development, and has a regional or even international significance. During the 11th National Five-Year Plan, positive progresses had been made in the environmental protection in Yunnan Province. However, there are still some critical challenges, including conflicts between economic development and environmental protection, contamination reduction, pollution transferred from the provinces of east China and environmental protection issues arcross nations. Facing serious issues such as execrable water environment, soil pollutions of heavy metals, rural environmental pollution, biodiversity loss, invasion of the alien species and weak environmental supervision ability of the local governments, it is urgent to take active measures to adjust the industrial components from the point of environmental management and improve the economic development styles. It is necessary to strengthen the water pollution control of the drinking water sources and the critical watersheds, the air pollution control especially on reducing the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and the prevention and control of the pollutions caused by solid wastes focusing on handling with hazardous waste. It is also important to pay special attention to the issues on biodiversity conservation and prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution, improve the capacity of environmental risk prevention, innovate environmental management policies and mechanisms, enhance the construction of environment supervision capacity and improve the overall level of environmental management.