俞孔坚等：论大运河区域生态基础设施战略和实施途径
收稿日期: 2003-09-01
修回日期: 2003-10-01
网络出版日期: 2004-01-24
基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(59778010)和(39870147号)。
On Establishing The Great Canal Regional Ecological Infrastructure: Strategy and Approaches
Received date: 2003-09-01
Revised date: 2003-10-01
Online published: 2004-01-24
生态基础设施是城市所依赖的自然系统，是城市及其居民能持续地获得自然服务的基础，它不仅包括习惯的城市绿地系统的概念，而是更广泛地包含一切能提供自然服务的城市绿地系统、森林生态系统、农田系统及自然保护地系统。如同城市的市政基础设施一样，城市的生态基础设施需要有前瞻性，更需要突破城市规划的既定边界。为了达到这个目的，必须从战略高度规划城市发展所赖以持续的生态基础设施。中国城市化进程呈燎原之势，大量重大国土和景观改造工程史无前例，东部区域犹甚。京杭大运河作为南水北调工程东线的主要组成部分，跨流域大规模调水工程将会带来巨大的景观生态影响，都为建设中国东部生态基础设施和可持续国土安全计划带来莫大挑战和机遇。本文提出大运河区域生态基础设施建设战略和实施途径，可为南水北调工程和中国东部区域可持续生态基础设施建设提供参考，并且为大运河区域生态基础设施建设及遗产廊道保护提出具体实施途径，包括区域景观格局的构建和景观元素的设计导则。
俞孔坚, 李迪华, 李伟 . 俞孔坚等：论大运河区域生态基础设施战略和实施途径[J]. 地理科学进展, 2004 , 23(1) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2004.01.001
Ecological infrastructure (EI) is the critical natural systems that provide nature’s service to cities and their residents， which is composed of not only the traditionally recognized green systems， but also suburban forests， farm land and natural habitats that are connected as an integral infrastructure. Just like a civic infrastructure that is critical to the sustainable development of a city and a region，so is the ecological infrastructure to the sustainable environment of the region and the city. The construction of the EI must be built across administrative boundaries and must be strategically allocated for the next centuries to come. Therefore， the planning and construction must be taken as long-term strategy at the regional and national scales. The speedy urbanization process， and the enormous landscape change pro-jects such as the water diverting projects from the south to the north， offer great opportunities to the formation of the regional EI. This paper proposes the planning and establishment of a regional ecological infrastructure along the Great Canal to support the sustainability of the east China， meanwhile provides opportunities for local and regional recreation， and protects a historical heritage corridor. Step-by-step approaches are also suggested for the planning and design of the Great Canal ecological infrastructure.
[1] Mander, U., J. Jagonaegi, et al. Network of compensative areas as an ecological infrastructure of territories. Connectivity in Landscape Ecology, Proc. of the 2nd International Seminar of the International Association for Landscape Ecology. Ferdinand Schoningh, Paderborn. 1988, 35~38.
[2] Selm, A. J. Van. Ecological infrastructure: a conceptual framework for designing habitat networks. In Schrieiber, K.-F. (ed.), Connectivity in Landscape Ecology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar of the International Association for Landscape Ecology. Ferdinand Schoningh. Paderborn. 1988, PP63~66.
[3] 俞孔坚, 李迪华, 潮洛濛. 城市生态基础设施建设的十大景观战略. 规划师. 2001, 17(6): 9~17.
[4] Costanza, R. and H. E. Daily. Natural capital and sustainable development. Conservation Biology. 1992, (6):37~46.
[5] Costanza, R. et al. The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital. Nature. 1997, 387(15):253~260.
[6] Daily, G.. What are ecosystem services? In: Daily Ged. Natures Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington, DC: Island Press. 1997, 1~10.
[7] Walmsley, A.. Greenways and the making of city form. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1995, 33:81~127.
[8] 刘东云, 周波. 景观规划的杰作--从"翡翠项圈"到英格兰地区的绿色通道规划. 中国园林. 2001, (3):59~61.
[9] Zube, E. H.. The advance of ecology. Landscape Architecture. 1986, 76(2):58~67.
[10] Steinitz, C. 黄国平译. 景观规划--思想发展史. 2001年在北京大学的讲演. 中国园林. 2001, (5): 92~95.
[11] 俞孔坚. 吉庆萍.国际"城市美化运动"之于中国的教训(上, 下). 中国园林. 2000, (1): 27~33; (2): 32~35.
[12] 俞孔坚, 李迪华. 城市景观之路--与市长们交流. 中国建筑工业出版社. 2003.
[13] Fabos, J. G.. Introduction and overview: the greenway movement, uses and potential of greenways. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1995, 33:1~33.
[14] Zube, E. H.. Greenways and the US national park system. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1995, 33: 17~25.
[15] Ahern. J.. Greenways as Strategic Landscape Planning: Theory and Application. Wageningen University, The Netherlands. 2002.
[16] Lewis, P. H. Jr.. Quality Corridors for Wisconsin. Landscape Architecture. 1964, 54(2): 100~107.
[17] McHarg, I.. Design with Nature. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1969.
[18] Linehan. J., M. G. Meir et al. Greenway planning: developing a landscape ecological network approach. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1995, 33: 179~193.
[19] Neuman. M.. Regional design: Recovering a great landscape architecture and urban planning tradition ,Landscape and Urban Planning. 2000, 47: 115~128.
[20] Harris. L.D.. The Fragmented Forest: Island Biogeography Theory and Preservation of Biotic Diversity. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. IL. 1984, 211.
[21] Forman. R. T. T. and M. Godron. Landscape Ecology. New York. John Wiley. 1986.
[22] Forman. R. T. T.. Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge University Press. 1995.
[23] Bueno. J. A. V. A. Tsihrinzis. L. Alvarez. South Florida greenway: a conceptual framework for the ecological reconnectivity of the region. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1995, 33: 247~266.
[24] Forman, R.T.T., D. Spring, and J. A. Bissonette, et al. Road Ecology: Science and Solution. Island Press. 2003.
[25] MacArthur, R. H. and E. O. Wilson. An equilibrium theory of insular geography. Evolution. 1963, 17: 373~87.
[26] MacArthur, R. H. and E. O. Wilson. The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton, NJ., Princeton University Press. 1967.
[27] Merriam, G.. Connectivity: a fundamental characteristic of landscape pattern. In Brandt, J. and P. Agger, eds., Proceedings of the first International Seminar on Methodology in Landscape Ecological Research and Planning(Vol.1) Roskilde, Denmark: Roskilde Universitetsfolag Geo Ruc. 1984, 5~15.
[28] Schreiber, K-F.. Ed. Connectivity in Landscape Ecology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar of the International Association for Landscape Ecology. Ferdinard Schoningh, Paderborn. 1988.
[29] Noss, R. F. Landscape connectivity: different functions at different scales. In: W.E. Hudson (Editor). Landscape Linkages and Biodiversity. Island Press. Washington. DC. 1991, 27~39.
[30] Juliette, K.. Landscape quality based upon diversity. coherence and continuity Landscape planning at different planning-level in the River area of The Netherlands. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1998, 43:91~104.
[31] 宗跃光.城市景观生态规划中的廊道效应研究--以北京市区为例. 生态学报. 1999, 19(2):146~151.
[32] 王志芳, 孙鹏. 遗产廊道--美国历史文化遗产保护中一种较新的方法. 中国园林. 2000, 16(6): 36~39.
[33] Searns, R. M.. The evolution of greenways as an adaptive urban landscape form. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1995, 33: 65~80.
[34] Rees. W. E. and M. Wackernagel. Ecological footprints and Appropriated Carrying Capacity: Measuring the Natural Capital Requirements of the Human Economy, Washington: Island Press. 1994.
[35] Wackernagel, M. and Rees, W E.. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. New Society Publishers. Philadelphia. PA. 1995.
[36] Weizsacker, E. Von, A. B. Lovins and L. H. Lovins. Factor Four: Doubling Wealth--Halving Resource Use. Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. 1997.
[37] Yu, K.-J.. Security Patterns in Landscape Planning: With a Case In South China. Doctoral Thesis. Harvard University. 1995.
[38] Yu, K.-J.. 1996. Security patterns and surface model in landscape planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 36(5): 1~17.
[39] 俞孔坚. 景观生态战略点识别方法与理论地理学的表面模型. 地理学报， 1998, (53): 11~20.
[40] 俞孔坚. 生物保护的景观安全格局. 生态学报. 1999, 19(1): 8~15.
[41] 张惠远, 倪晋仁. 城市景观生态调控的空间途径探讨. 城市规划， 2001, (7):15~18.
[42] 周一星, 曹广忠. 改革开放20年来的中国城市化进程. 城市规划， 1999, (12): 8~14.
[43] 吴良镛. 发达地区城市化进程中建筑环境的保护与发展. 中国建筑工业出版社， 1999, 1~10.
[44] 胡序威. 有关城市化与城镇体系规划的若干思考. 城市规划， 2000, (1): 16~21.
[45] 吴良镛. 面对城市规划的“第三个春天”的冷静思考. 城市规划， 2002, (2): 9~14.
[46] 杨多贵， 陈邵锋， 王海燕 等.中国区域可持续发展能力差距的系统学研究. 系统辨证学学报， 2002, 10(2)19~23.
[47] 汪达. 论国外跨流域调水工程对生态环境的影响与发展趋势--兼谈对我国南水北调规划的思考. 环境科学动态，1999，3：28~32.
[48] 俞澄生. 南水北调的资源、环境和社会效应. 长江流域资源与环境， 1994, 3: 41~42.
[49] 阎占元, 刘荷芬, 侯怀恩. 中线南水北调概况与区域发展研究. 地域研究与开发， 1995, (4): 38~47.
[50] 傅肃性, 张崇厚, 曹桂发 等. 南水北调西线工程与区域持续发展. 地理科学进展， 1997, 2: 22~25.
[51] 尚宇鸣, 丁自鲜, 童海鸿. 南水北调西线工程生态环境影响分析. 人民黄河， 2001, 10: 27~30.
[52] 吴俊, 王培. 南水北调对长江口生态环境影响的综合分析. 科技导报， 2002, (2)12~31.
[53] 王庆. 陈吉余. 淮河流域综合治理与南水北调 (东线 )工程. 长江流域资源与环境， 1998. 7(4): 378~382.
[54] 陈吉余. 陈沈良. 南水北调工程对长江河口生态环境的影响. 水资源保护，2002， (3): 19~25.
[55] 刘昌明, 杨志峰, 孙睿等. 南水北调工程的生态环境影响. 海河水利， 2002, (1): 1~5.
[56] 李晓储, 孙传余, 董志良等. 扬州古运河生态环境林建设研究. 江苏林业科技， 2002, 2: 16~19.
[57] 何小弟, 赵御龙, 蒋献忠. 扬州古运河风光带生态景观建设规划. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)， 2002, 23(3): 75~78.
[58] 汪斌， 程绪水. 治污先行建设南水北调东线清水廊道. 水资源保护， 2002, 3(1):15~19.
[59] 徐新伟, 吴中华,于丹等. 汉江中下游水生植物多样性及南水北调工程对其影响. 生态学报， 2002, 22(11): 1333~1338.
[60] 杨胜天. 南水北调西线调水工程区的自然生态环境评价. 地理学报， 2002, (1): 41~44.
[61] 傅崇兰. 中国运河运河城市发展史. 四川人民出版社， 1985, 94~96.
[62] 吕宪国, 黄锡畴. 我国湿地研究进展. 地理科学， 1998, 18(4): 294~300.
[63] 左东启. 论湿地研究与中国水利. 水利水电科技进展， 1999, 19(1): 14~21.
[64] 刘红玉, 赵志春, 吕宪国. 中国湿地资源及其保护研究. 资源科学， 1999, 21(6): 34~37.
[65] 孟宪民. 湿地与全球环境变化. 地理科学， 1999, 19(5): 385~391.
[66] 余国营. 湿地研究进展与展望. 世界科技研究与进展， 2000, 22(3): 61~66.
[67] 王瑞山, 王毅勇, 杨青 等. 我国湿地资源现状、问题及对策. 资源科学， 2000, 22(1): 9-13.
[68] Flink . C. A. and R. M. Searns. Greenways. Washington: Island Press, 1993, 167.
[69] 姚汉源. 京杭大运河史. 中国水利水电出版社， 1998, 1~5.
[70] 安作璋. 运河文化史. 山东教育出版社， 2001.
[71] 张文忠. 我国城市化过程中应注意土地资源减少的几个问题. 中国人口、资源与环境， 1999, 9(1): 36~40.
[72] Steinitz, C.. A framework for theory applicable to the education of landscape architects (and other design professionals). Landscape Journal. 1990, 9(2):136~143.
[73] Tayler, M. E and W. T. Perks. A Normative Model for Urban Ecology Practice: Establishing Performance Propositions for Ecological Planning and Design, In J. Breuste, H. Feldmann and O. Uhlmann Eds. Urban Ecology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1998.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |