基于问卷调查和个人访谈，运用路径方法，分析了影响中国公众对限塑令态度的社会心理和社会人口变量。结果表明，社会人口变量中，只有教育与公众对限塑令的态度呈正相关，且社会人口变量只能解释公众对限塑令态度方差的很小一部分。相较而言，社会心理变量能更好解释中国公众对限塑令态度的差异，集体主义价值观和新生态观与限塑令态度呈显著正相关，而新生态观受集体主义价值观、后物质价值取向、一般环境知识和特定环境知识的影响。公众对限塑令的态度与购物中自带购物袋的意向呈显著正相关。研究认为，基于西方社会实践发展而来的环境态度—行为理论也适合解释中国以环境保护和节约资源为目的的个人环境态度和行为。但中国正处在社会转型期，人们的世界观、环境观等处在不断变化中，对社会和环境的认知不稳定、不协调，使得模型的解释力度受到一定程度的限制。需要进一步揭示中国公众环境态度和行为的特殊性，发展更适合中国国情的环境行为解释模型。
Based on questionnaire survey and interviews, this paper analyzed socio-demographic and psychological mechanisms of the attitude of the Chinese public to the policy of prohibiting using thin and costless plastic bags by using path analysis method. It is found that among four socio-demographic variables (sex, age, family income, and educational level), only educational level was positively and significantly correlated with the attitude, explaining 0.9% of the variances in the attitude. Psychological variables could predict the attitude much better than socio-demographic variables. Collectivism and environmental value were the antecedents of the attitude, explaining 6.3% of the variance. Environmental value was followed by collectivism, postmaterialist value orientation, general environmental knowledge, and plastic bags-specific environmental knowledge. It is found as well that the attitude to the policy of prohibiting using thin and costless plastic bags could predict the intention of buyers to bring shopping bags by themselves. It is argued that environmental attitude-behavior theories derived from western social practices can be used in China. However, it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of environmental attitudes and behaviors in transitional China with the public having changing and unstable world outlooks and environmental values, and to develop China-specific models since western models are based on stable social cognition of environmental problems.
[1] Samdahl D M, Robertson R. Social determinants of environmental concern: Specification and test of the model. Environment and Behavior, 1989, 21(1): 57-81.
[2] 常跟应. 国外公众环保行为研究综述. 科学·经济·社会, 2009, 27(1): 79- 84.
[3] Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 1991, 50(2): 179-211.
[4] Bolder O J. The prediction of household recycling of newspapers: The role of attitudes, intentions, and situational factors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1995, 25(5): 440-462.
[5] Cheung S F, Chan D K S, Wong Z S Y. Reexamining the theory of planned behavior in understanding wastepaper recycling. Environment and Behavior, 1999, 31(5): 587-612.
[6] Sparks P, Shepherd R. Self-identity and the theory of planned behavior: Assessing the role of identification with “green consumerism” . Social Psychology Quarterly, 1992, 55(4): 388-399.
[7] Stern P C, Dietz T, Kalof L. Value orientations, gender, and environmental concern. Environment and Behavior, 1993, 25(5): 322-348.
[8] 魏建兵, 肖笃宁, 解伏菊. 人类活动对生态环境的影响评价与调控原则. 地理科学进展, 2006, 25(2): 36-45.
[9] 姜巍, 张雷. 资源短缺与中国资源节约发展方向探讨. 地理科学进展, 2005, 24(4): 56-64.
[10] Simmons I G, 马建华. 绿色地理学面面观. 地理科学进展, 1993(3): 1-6.
[11] 鄯爱红, 王志捷. 简论儒家的环境伦理思想及其现实意义. 理论学刊, 2000, 97(3): 109-112.
[12] 郗小林, 樊立宏, 邓雪明. 中国公众环境意识状况公众调查结果剖析. 中国软科学, 1998(9): 24-30.
[13] Inglehart R. The silent revolution in Europe: Intergenerational change in post-industrial societies. The American Political Science Review, 1971, 65(4): 991-1017.
[14] Dunlap R E, Van Liere K D, Mertig A G W, et al. Measuring endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm: A revised NEP scale. Journal of Social Issues, 2000, 56(3): 425-442.
[15] Vikan A, Camino C, Biaggio A, et a1. Endorsement of the New Ecological Paradigm: A comparison of two Brazilian samples and one Norwegian sample. Environment and Behavior, 2007, 39(2): 217-228.
[16] Van Liere K D, Dunlap R E. The social bases of environmental concern: A review of hypotheses, explanations and empirical evidence. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 1980, 4(2): 181-197.
[17] 洪大用. 环境关心的测量: NEP量表在中国的应用评估. 社会, 2006, 26(5): 71-92.
[18] McCarty J A, Shrum L J. The recycling of solid wastes: Personal values, value orientations and attitudes about recycling as antecedents of recycling behavior. Journal of Business Research, 1994, 30(1): 53-62.
[19] Li Shichao. Recycling behavior under China’s social and economic transition: the case of metropolitan Wuhan. Environment and Behavior, 2003, 35(6): 784-801.
[20] 常跟应, 李曼, 刘书朋. 我国家庭废物回收的社会人口、心理机制研究. 东北大学学报, 2010(1): 34-39.
