人口空间分布具有一定的尺度依赖性,从不同尺度上对人口空间分布格局进行分析,可以更确切、真实地揭示人口的空间分布规律,为制定区域发展规划、灾害评价、环境保护等提供科学依据。本文以山东省为研究区,运用空间自相关方法和统计相关分析方法,比较市级、县级、1 km三个尺度上人口分布的空间自相关性及其与环境—经济因子的统计相关性,试图探讨不同尺度下人口的空间分布模式及影响(指示)因素,从不同尺度揭示人口的空间分布格局特征。结果表明:①从不同尺度对人口的空间分布格局进行分析,可以得到从宏观到微观不同详细程度的信息。从市级尺度分析,可以得到山东省整体的人口空间分布特征;从县级尺度分析,可以得到山东省各市内部的人口空间分布特征;从1 km尺度分析,可以得到山东省各县内部的人口空间分布特征。②不同尺度上,人口的空间分布格局特征不同。市级和县级尺度上,人口分布受环境—经济因子的影响表现出与一些因子显著相关,而受空间集聚的作用较小;1 km尺度上,人口分布与环境—经济因子的相关性较小,而主要受空间集聚的作用,在县内部,人口往往集中分布于某一区域,呈现出典型的集聚分布模式。

The spatial distribution of population is essential for both environmental and socio-economic researches. Traditional studies on the spatial distribution of population are mostly based on single scale analysis and ignores scale dependence of population distribution. Analysing the spatial distribution of population at different scales is beneficial to more exactly reveal the spatial distribution law of population. This paper analyzed and compared the spatial autocorrelation of population density using spatial autocorrelation method and statistical correlations between population density and environment-economic factors including DEM, slope, annual average sunshine hours, annual rainfall, average temperature, land use data and GDP at city, county and 1 km?1 km grid scale, and further discussed the spatial distribution patterns of population and the effective or indicative factors to reveal the spatial distribution law of the population at multi-scales. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) The information at different levels of details can be obtained by multi-scale analysis of the spatial distribution of population. At the city scale, the spatial distribution patterns of the population can be derived. High density districts are in the southeast of Shandong Province including Jinan, Liaocheng, Tai'an, Jining, Zaozhuang and Heze. At the county scale, the spatial distribution patterns of population of some cities can be displayed, and the cases are Jinan, Jining and Dongying. The population density in Jinan is high and unevenly distributed. The population density in Jining is high and evenly distributed. The population density in Dongying is low and evenly distributed. At the 1 km?1 km grid scale, the spatial distribution patterns of population of counties can be obtained. (2) Spatial distribution law differs with scales. Environment-economic factors have a greater impact on population distribution than spatial autocorrelation at city and county levels. At the city level, average sunshine hours, percentage of rural land, and average temperature are the main indicators of population distribution. The level of economic development to some extent affects the population distribution, and the percentages of urban land, and rural land are indicative of population distribution.