土地利用变化研究尤其是空间变化研究 ,离不开 GIS的空间分析方法。该方法的数据基础主要是矢量格式的土地利用图件和遥感解译制图成果 ;模型基础包括 GIS的时空数据模型、属性数据模型和提取土地利用变化特征的原理模型 ;而数据处理过程则涉及GIS系统的数据转换功能、编辑功能、空间分析功能、数据库操作功能、空间统计分析功能以及图形显示功能等。本文结合北京市土地利用变化的实例分析 ,从上述三方面详细阐述了 GIS的空间分析方法及其在土地利用变化研究中的应用。
GIS Spatial Analysis is widely adopted in the research of land use change, especially in the spatial research of land use change. The data analyzed by GIS is mainly from original land use map and remote sensing. The model foundation includes spatio-temperal data model, attribute data model and principal model for acquiring land use characteristics. The data dealing process involves many functions of GIS, such as data conversion, edit function, spatial analysis, database operating, and statistic function. Taking Beijing area as an example, this paper illustrates GIS spatial analysis and its application in the research of land use change. There are some remarkable advantages using GIS in the land use change. It can integrate all land use information in one system, such as original land use maps, images, statistical data, and land attribute data. Furthermore, the spatial data can be analyzed in the system environment in order to produce information of regional land use change. At last, the spatial change, distribution can be printed with the mapping function of GIS. As the shortage of many analysis functions, the integration of GIS with user models is the main developing direction.
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