基于过去的研究成果,综述了官厅水库近三十年来的水质演变过程,分阶段探讨了官厅水库水污染的来源和特征。与此同时,从污染物的角度探讨了官厅水库典型污染物的时空变化规律。研究结果表明,官厅水库的水质演变先后经历了四个阶段,依次为1972～1975年以有机毒物和重金属污染为特征的水体污染,1981～1992年以有机污染为主体的水体再污染,1992～1995年增加了大肠杆菌污染的水体复合污染,以及1996年至今以氮磷污染为明显特征的水体有机复合污染。从主要污染物的时间变化上看,库区COD和主要重金属含量均在缓慢上升,挥发酚的含量呈现波动趋势,氨氮和总磷的含量持续大幅度上升。污染物在库区的空间分布规律相似,入库处污染物浓度明显高于出库处的污染物浓度。

As the first large scale reservoir, Guanting Reservoir plays a key role on water supply for BeijingThe reservoir kept healthy in the first decade and water quality has deteriorated since 1972 graduallyIn the following three decades, the water body undertook series pollutions, and dropped out from the source region of drinking water in 1997 The evolution of water quality in Guanting Reservoir in the past three decades was summarized based on the previous studiesSources and characteristics of the water pollution in Guanting Reservoir were discussed by stagesAt the same time, variations of main pollutants were also discussed The results show that the evolution process of water quality in Guanting Reservoir could be roughly divided into four stagesThe feature of first stage was organic toxicants and heavy metals pollution during 1972～1975The following stage was from 1981 to 1992,in which organic pollution played a main roleThe water pollution in third stage was a kind of complex pollution, which added bacteria pollutants during 1992～1995From 1996 till now, nitrogen and phosphorous pollution were the key features in Guanting ReservoirContents of COD and main heavy metals increased slowly during the past three decades, while contents of phenol varied In addition, contents of nitrogen and phosphorous increased steadily and significantly.