海岸带陆源非点源污染研究进展
网络出版日期: 2010-01-25
基金资助
中国科学院资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室开放研究基金资助项目(A0713)，国家自然科学基金项目（40801016），中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-224）
Progress of Studies on Coastal Land-based Non-point Source Pollution
Online published: 2010-01-25
海岸带是人类活动的集中区和环境变化的敏感区，受气候变化与人类活动因素的影响，其环境和生态极易遭受扰动而恶化。改革开放以来，随着我国东部沿海地区工业化、城市化的迅速发展，海岸带陆源污染问题日益突出，已对该区域的环境质量和生态安全构成了严重威胁。非点源污染是海岸带河口及近海水体陆源污染的重要方面，在很多区域，非点源污染甚至已超过点源污染而成为河口和近岸海域水体污染的主要原因，在这种背景下，加强海岸带陆源非点源污染研究，意义非常重大。本文在概述非点源污染基本特征及其国内外研究现状的基础上，重点阐述了海岸带陆源非点源污染的研究进展，并指出了研究的不足之处，进而，提出了当前及未来时期需重点研究的内容以及需要注意的问题。
关键词： 海岸带；非点源污染(NPS)；研究进展
侯西勇1|张安定2|王传远1|王秋贤2|应兰兰1 . 海岸带陆源非点源污染研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2010 , 29(1) : 73 -78 . DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.01.010
Coastal zone is a very special area in the world, which has very high density of population and human activities, and it is highly sensitive to environmental variations including climate change and human impacts. In China, mainly during the past decades, the pollution of land-based sources became more and more serious in the coastal waters mainly due to the rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization in China's East Coastal Regions, which has greatly endangered the local environment and ecosystem security and has greatly blocked the social-economic sustainable development. Non-point source (NPS) pollution plays a very important role in the pollution of land-based sources in coastal zone, and moreover, in many coastal estuaries and gulfs, it has become a dominant factor that resulting in water pollution. Therefore, it is significant to strengthen the studies with emphasis on pollution of land-based sources in coastal zone. In this paper, status and breakthroughs of NPS pollution studies at home and abroad have been reviewed at the first, and the academic gaps between China and the world in this study area has been analyzed. And then, status of the land-based NPS studies in coastal zone has been reviewed in detail, and the insufficiencies of this study area have been summarized. Finally, major questions and key subjects that need furthermore studies in the future have been put forward which are as follows, 1) studies on component and amount of land-based NPS pollutants based on monitoring, 2) key interface and main process of NPS pollutants migration in coastal zone, 3) models suitable for land-based NPS simulation in coastal zone, 4) impacts of land-based NPS on coastal ecosystems and human health, 5) dynamic evaluation of the environmental capacity in coastal zone, 6) environmental impacts of land use and land cover change on coastal waters, 7) methods of TMDL calculation and BMPs that suitable for coastal zone in China.
Key words： coastal zone; non-point source pollution (NPS); progress
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