自本世纪80年代以来，特别是近些年来，为适应全球环境问题与人类生存和发展的需要，生态学在研究方向、内容、尺度、方法上均有较大的转变，出现一些新的研究领域，主要包括全球变化、可持续发展、生物多样性、景观生态、退化生态、恢复与重建生态、湿地生态、生态工程、生态经济等较为热门的研究课题。本文简要对当今生态学热点问题加以概述，以此透视现代生态学的一些新的研究动向，旨在为生态工作者提供一些指导。

Since 1980s, especially during the recent years, because of needs of global environment problems and its sustainable development, ecology has changed greatly in its study content, direction, attempt, scale and methodology, and a lot of new study fields have appeared, which include global change, sustainable development, biodiversity, landscape ecology, wetland ecology, degradation of ecosystem, restoration ecology, ecological engineering, ecological economics, etc.. This paper gives a sketchy review on the above hot ecological study fields with an attempt to provide some guides for ecological researchers.