地理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1150-1158.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.08.004

• 专栏:流域地理 • 上一篇    下一篇

流域多尺度土壤水分监测与模拟研究进展

朱青1,2,廖凯华1,2,赖晓明1,2,刘亚1,2,吕立刚3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,南京 210008
    2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3. 南京财经大学公共管理学院,南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-12 修回日期:2018-11-27 出版日期:2019-08-25 发布日期:2019-08-25
  • 作者简介:朱青(1980— ),男,贵州安顺人,研究员,从事土壤水文过程与营养盐输移耦合研究。E-mail: qzhu@niglas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41622102);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划(QYZDB-SSW-DQC038)

A review of soil water monitoring and modelling across spatial scales in the watershed

ZHU Qing1,2,LIAO Kaihua1,2,LAI Xiaoming1,2,LIU Ya1,2,LV Ligang3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. School of Public Management, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;
  • Received:2018-06-12 Revised:2018-11-27 Online:2019-08-25 Published:2019-08-25
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41622102);Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDB-SSW-DQC038)

摘要:

土壤水分调控着陆地表层系统空间格局和过程,作为地表不同圈层中物质和能量输移转化的关键纽带和驱动力,连接着一系列的水文、生态、气候和地质学过程。论文首先介绍了流土壤水分静态特征(土壤含水量和基质势时空变化)在流域范围内不同空间尺度上监测方法的优缺点,包括直接手动监测、直接自动监测、地球物理探测和遥感监测等;同时介绍了其动态特征(土壤水分运动)监测方法(径流小区法、示踪剂法和地球物理探测)的局限性和模拟模型(动力波模型、水量平衡模型和水动力模型等)的关键参数和过程。在此基础上提出了:① 加强土壤水分监测尺度与方法的集成;② 消除土壤水分运动模型不确定性;③ 耦合土壤水分与碳氮输移循环过程等3个方面的研究展望和建议,从而为高时空分辨率和高精度的土壤水分数据获取,以及土壤水分运动与分布及其驱动下的碳氮排放过程、机理的揭示和模拟提供新的研究视角与思路。

关键词: 地球关键带, 空间尺度, 水文土壤学, 土壤墒情

Abstract:

Soil water controls the basic spatial patterns and processes in earth’s surface system. As an important connection and driving force, it regulates a series of hydrological, ecological, climate and geological processes. In this review paper, we first introduced the advantages and disadvantages of different monitoring approaches (direct measurement, geophysical detection and remote sensing) for static soil water processes (soil water content and matric potential); and then introduced the research progress in measuring (runoff plot, tracer and geophysical detection) and modelling (dynamic wave, water balance and hydrodynamic models) dynamics soil water processes (soil water movement). Based on these, we proposed that the future researches should: 1) integrate the soil water monitoring techniques across spatial scales, 2) enhance the investigation in quantification and reduction of uncertainties in soil water modelling, and 3) coupling soil water processes with carbon and nitrogen transport and transformation. This review paper provides the new perspectives for researches and applications in acquiring high spatio-temporal resolution and accurate soil water data, and in revealing the processes and mechanisms and improving the modelling of soil water, carbon and nitrogen cycles.

Key words: earth's critical zone, spatial scales, hydropedology, soil moisture