地理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 904-917.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.06.011
收稿日期:
2018-10-26
修回日期:
2019-01-08
出版日期:
2019-06-28
发布日期:
2019-06-27
作者简介:
第一作者简介:张威(1969— ),男,吉林松原人,教授,博士,从事环境与灾害地貌研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Received:
2018-10-26
Revised:
2019-01-08
Online:
2019-06-28
Published:
2019-06-27
Supported by:
摘要:
他念他翁山中段位于横断山脉西部,保留着良好的第四纪冰川遗迹,论文以该地区第四纪冰川沉积物为主要研究对象,通过光释光(Object-source lighting, OSL)测年、粒度、磁化率、矿物及化学元素分析等方法,探讨研究区第四纪冰川沉积物在不同时期的沉积学、矿物学、环境磁学以及元素地球化学特征,结合相关环境指标分析该区的环境特点。研究表明:① 冰川沉积物总体沉积特征是大小混杂、无层理、无分选、风化程度由倒数第二次冰期到新冰期依次减弱。② 研究区冰川沉积物细粒部分在粒度频率曲线上主要呈现双峰或多峰,反映出沉积物的物质来源复杂、形成动力多样。冰碛物的平均粒径在空间上表现出距冰川作用源头越远粒径越小的规律,主要是受冰川作用强度和风化时间长短的影响。③ 冰川沉积物的磁化率值为8.72×10-8~298.00×10-8 m3·kg-1,其中冰水沉积物磁化率的平均值(178.51×10-8 m3·kg-1)和波动幅度(17.43×10-8~298.00×10-8 m3·kg-1)要大于冰碛物(平均值19.82×10-8 m3·kg-1,波动幅度8.72×10-8~42.95×10-8 m3·kg-1),反映出磁铁矿集中分布的粒级与冰水沉积物组成的粒级相似。④ 地球化学和矿物学指标反映青古隆地区古气候的总体特征为寒冷干燥,其中在末次冰盛期时气候最为干旱,末次冰期中冰阶时气候较为干旱、降水量相对于末次冰盛期有所增加,倒数第二次冰期降水量相对于末次冰盛期和末次冰期中冰阶较多,但气温较低。
张威, 唐倩玉. 他念他翁山中段第四纪冰川沉积物时空分布特征与环境[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(6): 904-917.
Wei ZHANG, Qianyu TANG. Spatiotemporal characteristics and the environment of Quaternary glacier deposits in the middle Tenasserim Chain[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(6): 904-917.
表1
他念他翁山冰川沉积物样品采样地点及信息
样品编号 | 经度/E | 纬度/N | 海拔/m | 深度/m | 沉积物性质 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RQ-01 | 96°30′12.27″ | 30°45′01.27″ | 5096 | 1.0 | 冰碛物 |
RQ-02 | 96°30′19.58″ | 30°45′03.77″ | 5081 | 0.8 | 冰碛物 |
RQ-03 | 96°30′42.23″ | 30°45′11.66″ | 5016 | 0.6 | 冰碛物 |
RQ-04 | 96°32′36.76″ | 30°46′12.61″ | 4910 | 0.5 | 冰碛物 |
RQ-05 | 96°33′10.48″ | 30°48′17.48″ | 4770 | 0.5 | 冰碛物 |
RQ-06 | 96°35′17.63″ | 30°52′14.01″ | 4662 | 1.1 | 冰碛物 |
BD-01 | 97°07′07.72″ | 30°25′45.91″ | 5243 | 0.9 | 冰碛物 |
BD-02 | 97°07′24.75″ | 30°26′32.76″ | 5010 | 1.1 | 冰碛物 |
BD-03 | 97°08′20.17″ | 30°26′41.32″ | 4809 | 1.2 | 冰碛物 |
BD-04 | 97°08′23.16″ | 30°27′12.43″ | 4682 | 0.8 | 冰碛物 |
BD-05 | 97°09′20.53″ | 30°28′48.01″ | 4405 | 1.3 | 冰碛物 |
BD-07 | 97°08′46.41″ | 30°30′27.79″ | 4330 | 1.5 | 冰碛物 |
RQ-07 | 96°36′11.50″ | 30°51′52.96″ | 4596 | 2.1 | 冰水沉积物 |
JQ-01 | 96°53′32.96″ | 30°34′16.35″ | 4598 | 2.5 | 冰水沉积物 |
JQ-02 | 96°53′36.07″ | 30°34′10.22″ | 4612 | 2.0 | 冰水沉积物 |
JQ-03 | 96°53′34.33″ | 30°34′16.17″ | 4600 | 1.6 | 冰水沉积物 |
JQ-04 | 96°53′33.22″ | 30°38′29.00″ | 4525 | 1.7 | 冰水沉积物 |
JQ-05 | 96°53′19.10″ | 30°38′29.00″ | 4495 | 1.2 | 冰水沉积物 |
BD-06 | 97°05′31.02″ | 30°29′56.94″ | 4472 | 1.1 | 冰水沉积物 |
BD-08 | 97°09′58.69″ | 30°30′26.57″ | 4380 | 1.3 | 冰水沉积物 |
表2
OSL测年结果
样品 | 海拔 /m | 采样点 | 深度 /m | 性质 | U /(mg·ka-1) | Th /(mg·ka-1) | K/% | 含水量/% | 年剂量率 /(GY·ka-1) | 等效剂量/GY | 年代/ka |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OSL-04 | 4644 | 97°08′19.99″E 30°27′05.12″N | 0.65 | 细砂、粉砂 | 2.56 | 12.0 | 1.54 | 0.59 | 3.428 | 59.30±4.30 | 17.30±1.25 |
OSL-05 | 4867 | 97°08′04.04″E 30°26′35.42″N | 0.7 | 细砂、粉砂 | 2.80 | 12.9 | 1.47 | 0.93 | 3.476 | 109.06±12.10 | 31.38±3.48 |
OSL-06 | 4922 | 97°07′44.36″E 30°26′34.54″N | 1.0 | 细砂、粉砂 | 2.83 | 13.0 | 1.71 | 3.80 | 3.645 | 93.97±7.20 | 25.78±1.98 |
表3
研究区冰川沉积物粒度分布及统计参数
样品编号 | <2.0 μm 粘粒/% | 2.0~63 μm 粉砂级/% | >63 μm 砂级/% | 平均值(Mz) /μm | 标准差 (σi) | 偏度 (Sk) | 峰态 (Kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RQ-01 | 0.60 | 8.99 | 90.41 | 493.12 | 2.00 | 0.44 | 0.93 |
RQ-02 | 1.46 | 23.92 | 74.62 | 137.74 | 2.10 | 0.08 | 1.18 |
RQ-03 | 3.28 | 29.32 | 67.40 | 111.11 | 2.55 | 0.34 | 0.86 |
RQ-04 | 3.73 | 28.9 | 67.37 | 107.32 | 2.56 | 0.51 | 0.82 |
RQ-05 | 1.29 | 15.84 | 82.87 | 213.16 | 2.00 | 0.32 | 1.25 |
RQ-06 | 1.65 | 28.75 | 69.60 | 111.11 | 2.19 | 0.15 | 1.03 |
BD-01 | 2.83 | 32.76 | 64.40 | 121.58 | 2.66 | 0.33 | 0.78 |
BD-02 | 3.78 | 36.82 | 59.40 | 86.57 | 2.66 | 0.18 | 0.92 |
BD-03 | 3.28 | 26.57 | 70.15 | 118.26 | 2.43 | 0.34 | 1.07 |
BD-04 | 2.98 | 31.53 | 65.49 | 125.87 | 2.66 | 0.27 | 0.81 |
BD-05 | 4.13 | 47.78 | 48.09 | 59.54 | 2.62 | 0.05 | 0.96 |
BD-07 | 2.58 | 52.98 | 44.44 | 55.94 | 2.53 | -0.13 | 0.85 |
冰碛物平均值 | 2.63 | 30.35 | 67.02 | 145.11 | 2.41 | 0.24 | 0.96 |
RQ-07 | 0.50 | 9.38 | 90.11 | 257.03 | 1.46 | 0.19 | 1.08 |
JQ-01 | 0.52 | 2.94 | 96.54 | 226.88 | 0.94 | -0.05 | 0.94 |
JQ-02 | 2.43 | 51.26 | 46.31 | 51.12 | 1.30 | 0.29 | 1.16 |
JQ-03 | 1.49 | 18.32 | 80.19 | 188.16 | 2.02 | 0.31 | 1.10 |
JQ-04 | 0.25 | 3.24 | 96.50 | 360.98 | 1.11 | 0.27 | 0.96 |
JQ-05 | 0.40 | 6.95 | 92.65 | 299.37 | 1.40 | 0.14 | 0.93 |
BD-06 | 0.81 | 10.66 | 88.53 | 309.93 | 1.68 | 0.37 | 1.10 |
BD-08 | 1.66 | 38.92 | 59.42 | 100.83 | 2.47 | 0.13 | 0.81 |
冰水沉积物平均值 | 1.01 | 17.71 | 81.28 | 224.29 | 1.55 | 0.21 | 1.01 |
平均值 | 1.98 | 25.29 | 72.72 | 176.78 | 2.07 | 0.23 | 0.98 |
表4
研究区冰川沉积物磁化率特征
样品编号 | 低频磁化率/(10-8 m3·kg-1) | 高频磁化率/(10-8 m3·kg-1) | 频率磁化率/% |
---|---|---|---|
RQ-01 | 8.72 | 8.62 | 1.15 |
RQ-02 | 10.10 | 10.08 | 0.20 |
RQ-03 | 13.38 | 12.79 | 4.41 |
RQ-04 | 42.95 | 42.43 | 1.21 |
RQ-05 | 13.61 | 14.39 | -5.73 |
RQ-06 | 17.17 | 18.05 | -5.13 |
BD-01 | 12.36 | 12.24 | 0.97 |
BD-02 | 25.56 | 25.15 | 1.60 |
BD-03 | 26.22 | 25.96 | 0.99 |
BD-04 | 20.98 | 21.63 | -3.10 |
BD-05 | 15.39 | 15.03 | 2.34 |
BD-07 | 31.39 | 31.21 | 0.57 |
冰碛物平均值 | 19.82 | 19.80 | -0.04 |
RQ-07 | 17.43 | 17.38 | 0.29 |
JQ-01 | 210.92 | 203.89 | 3.33 |
JQ-02 | 248.23 | 246.66 | 0.63 |
JQ-03 | 298.00 | 288.01 | 3.35 |
JQ-04 | 273.26 | 263.55 | 3.55 |
JQ-05 | 93.38 | 90.94 | 2.61 |
BD-06 | 62.65 | 62.57 | 0.13 |
BD-08 | 224.23 | 220.13 | 1.83 |
冰水沉积物平均值 | 178.51 | 174.14 | 1.97 |
平均值 | 83.30 | 81.54 | 0.76 |
表6
他念他翁山中段地区冰川沉积物主要元素组成
样品编号 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | K2O | MgO | Na2O | TiO2 | P2O5 | MnO | CIA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RQ-01 | 64.72 | 15.01 | 2.50 | 1.27 | 5.69 | 0.75 | 1.85 | 0.35 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 56.59 |
RQ-02 | 66.30 | 13.99 | 3.53 | 1.19 | 5.28 | 0.81 | 1.67 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 56.83 |
RQ-03 | 66.52 | 14.46 | 1.89 | 1.20 | 5.76 | 0.71 | 1.76 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 56.10 |
RQ-04 | 63.24 | 14.42 | 3.50 | 0.66 | 4.26 | 0.63 | 1.05 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.07 | 65.67 |
RQ-05 | 65.42 | 14.92 | 3.70 | 0.50 | 3.96 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.51 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 69.88 |
RQ-06 | 69.33 | 12.64 | 3.34 | 1.01 | 3.45 | 0.90 | 1.24 | 0.45 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 62.41 |
BD-01 | 66.43 | 16.09 | 3.52 | 0.46 | 3.41 | 0.82 | 2.21 | 0.48 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 66.34 |
BD-02 | 67.20 | 14.11 | 2.90 | 0.51 | 2.27 | 0.82 | 3.16 | 0.41 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 62.17 |
BD-03 | 68.15 | 14.38 | 3.06 | 0.59 | 2.38 | 0.97 | 3.21 | 0.41 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 61.68 |
BD-04 | 71.21 | 12.83 | 1.82 | 0.45 | 1.97 | 0.58 | 3.64 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 58.93 |
BD-05 | 61.97 | 14.74 | 5.49 | 2.24 | 2.43 | 1.03 | 1.55 | 0.54 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 65.59 |
BD-07 | 61.18 | 16.79 | 5.20 | 1.03 | 4.02 | 1.20 | 1.36 | 0.56 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 66.49 |
冰碛物平均值 | 65.97 | 14.53 | 3.37 | 0.93 | 3.74 | 0.83 | 1.95 | 0.44 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 62.39 |
RQ-07 | 65.11 | 11.60 | 2.73 | 4.33 | 3.73 | 1.68 | 1.35 | 0.30 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 57.76 |
JQ-01 | 70.65 | 13.29 | 1.54 | 1.58 | 5.08 | 0.25 | 1.98 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 53.33 |
JQ-02 | 65.90 | 14.50 | 2.76 | 1.83 | 4.66 | 0.72 | 2.02 | 0.47 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 55.35 |
JQ-03 | 68.10 | 14.02 | 1.99 | 1.65 | 5.96 | 0.42 | 1.78 | 0.33 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 53.24 |
JQ-04 | 70.17 | 13.92 | 1.03 | 1.29 | 5.31 | 0.22 | 1.95 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 55.19 |
JQ-05 | 70.69 | 13.39 | 1.73 | 1.33 | 5.51 | 0.25 | 1.79 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 54.17 |
BD-06 | 71.44 | 12.54 | 1.97 | 1.06 | 4.34 | 0.67 | 2.35 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 54.44 |
BD-08 | 63.79 | 14.75 | 5.56 | 1.88 | 2.48 | 1.75 | 2.03 | 0.57 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 61.16 |
冰水沉积物平均值 | 68.23 | 13.50 | 2.41 | 1.87 | 4.63 | 0.75 | 1.91 | 0.32 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 55.58 |
平均值 | 66.88 | 14.12 | 2.99 | 1.30 | 4.10 | 0.80 | 1.94 | 0.39 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 59.67 |
表7
研究区冰川沉积物主要元素相关性矩阵
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | K2O | MgO | Na2O | TiO2 | P2O5 | MnO | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | 1 | |||||||||
Al2O3 | -0.627** | 1 | ||||||||
Fe2O3 | -0.808** | 0.535* | 1 | |||||||
CaO | -0.222 | -0.416 | 0.060 | 1 | ||||||
K2O | 0.159 | -0.008 | -0.510* | 0.120 | 1 | |||||
MgO | -0.618** | 0.091 | 0.718** | 0.463* | -0.523* | 1 | ||||
Na2O | 0.475* | -0.144 | -0.300 | -0.314 | -0.449* | -0.122 | 1 | |||
TiO2 | -0.799** | 0.647** | 0.912** | -0.137 | -0.451* | 0.604** | -0.284 | 1 | ||
P2O5 | -0.382 | 0.165 | 0.075 | -0.063 | 0.411 | -0.137 | -0.544* | 0.256 | 1 | |
MnO | -0.703** | 0.541* | 0.875** | -0.027 | -0.514* | 0.636** | -0.087 | 0.797** | 0.011 | 1 |
表9
他念他翁山中段地区冰川沉积物全岩矿物分析结果
样品编号 | 方解石 | 长石 | 石英 | 伊利石 | 绿泥石 | 闪石 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RQ-01 | 1.00 | 66.00 | 27.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 |
RQ-02 | 1.00 | 64.00 | 28.00 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 0 |
RQ-03 | 1.00 | 72.00 | 24.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0 |
RQ-04 | 0 | 47.00 | 39.00 | 9.00 | 5.00 | 0 |
RQ-05 | 0 | 44.00 | 41.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 0 |
RQ-06 | 0 | 39.00 | 49.00 | 10.00 | 2.00 | 0 |
BD-01 | 0 | 44.00 | 28.00 | 22.00 | 6.00 | 0 |
BD-02 | 0 | 43.00 | 45.00 | 8.00 | 4.00 | 0 |
BD-03 | 0 | 61.00 | 26.00 | 10.00 | 3.00 | 0 |
BD-04 | 0 | 52.00 | 40.00 | 6.00 | 2.00 | 0 |
BD-05 | 4.00 | 44.00 | 35.00 | 11.00 | 6.00 | 0 |
BD-07 | 0 | 55.00 | 29.00 | 14.00 | 2.00 | 0 |
冰碛物平均值 | 0.58 | 52.58 | 34.25 | 8.92 | 3.58 | 0.08 |
RQ-07 | 0 | 49.00 | 41.00 | 7.00 | 3.00 | 0 |
JQ-01 | 0 | 70.00 | 25.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
JQ-02 | 0 | 70.00 | 24.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 0 |
JQ-03 | 0 | 62.00 | 32.00 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 0 |
JQ-04 | 0 | 64.00 | 34.00 | 2.00 | 0 | 0 |
JQ-05 | 0 | 66.00 | 30.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 0 |
BD-06 | 0 | 67.00 | 23.00 | 7.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 |
BD-08 | 0 | 27.00 | 31.00 | 32.00 | 10.00 | 0 |
冰水沉积物平均值 | 0 | 59.38 | 30.00 | 7.75 | 2.63 | 0.25 |
平均值 | 0.35 | 55.30 | 32.55 | 8.45 | 3.20 | 0.15 |
表10
他念他翁山中段地区冰川沉积物粘土矿物分析结果
样品编号 | 伊利石 | 高岭石 | 绿泥石 |
---|---|---|---|
RQ-02 | 57.00 | - | 43.00 |
RQ-03 | 48.00 | - | 52.00 |
RQ-04 | 76.00 | - | 24.00 |
RQ-05 | 65.00 | - | 35.00 |
RQ-06 | 96.00 | - | 4.00 |
BD-01 | 94.00 | 6.00 | - |
BD-02 | 74.00 | - | 26.00 |
BD-03 | 74.00 | - | 26.00 |
BD-04 | 75.00 | - | 25.00 |
BD-05 | 93.00 | 7.00 | - |
BD-07 | 96.00 | 4.00 | - |
RQ-07 | 84.00 | - | 16.00 |
JQ-03 | 55.00 | - | 45.00 |
JQ-05 | 89.00 | - | 11.00 |
BD-08 | 87.00 | 13.00 | - |
平均值 | 77.53 | 2.00 | 20.47 |
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