大都市区农村土地非农化空间特征及机理——以广州市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.08.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着国家对“三农”问题的关注以及新型城镇化、城乡统筹、新农村建设等一系列重大战略决策的提出,农村聚落的内容再次成为地理学的研究热点。大都市区作为快速城镇化和生产生活要素集聚的重点区域,其农村聚落的用地变化快速且复杂,成为了农村聚落研究的重要内容。本文利用农村土地非农化指数,将2013年广州市农村聚落分为农耕型农村聚落、非农化起步型农村聚落、非农化发展型农村聚落、非农化主导型农村聚落、非农化型农村聚落五种。结合GIS空间分析,对广州市农村土地非农化空间结构进行了研究,得出以下结论：①从市域角度,农村聚落土地非农化总体呈现出围绕大都市内核随距离增加而衰减,由外向内农村聚落土地非农化程度逐步升高。②从各区层面,农村土地非农化程度受副中心城镇化发展水平影响显著,近郊区域呈现面状圈层化分布,远郊则表现出沿道路的线状分布特点。③从局部尺度,重大基础设施对周边农村聚落的土地非农化发展有较大拉动作用,导致高土地非农化农村聚落点状出现。随后采用多元线性回归、地理探测器等方法,确定村内路网密度、与主城距离、流动人口、村集体收入、村民人均收入为影响农村土地非农化水平的主要因素,并在此基础上初步分析各因子对大都市区农村聚落土地非农化的影响机制。本文对如何利用农村非农化进程促进城市发展、优化调控农村土地利用和规划村庄发展提供一定的借鉴。

关键词: 农村土地非农化, 空间特征, 形成机理, 农村聚落, 大都市区, 广州市

Abstract:

As the result of a series of significant strategic decisions promulgated by the Chinese government, including Urban and Rural Harmonious Development, New Urbanization, New Rural Construction, and the government's focus on problems facing rural areas, rural population, and agriculture, rural settlements have become a research focus of contemporary geography in China. As a key area of rapid urbanization and agglomeration of production and living factors, the land use of rural settlements in metropolitan areas changes rapidly and complicatedly, which has become an important content of research. This study divided the rural settlements into five categories and then analyzed the spatial distribution of rural land non-agricultural degree in Guangzhou City in 2013 using correlated index and GIS. The results show that: (1) Rural land non-agricultural degree decreases with the distance between a rural settlement and the metropolitan area, and increases from the outer suburb to the inner suburb. (2) There is a significant correlation between the rural land non-agricultural degree and the development level of the district centers. The distribution of non-agriculture land in inner suburb areas is zonal spread while the distribution in outer suburb areas is along the main roads. (3) The level of rural development is generally higher where major infrastructure is developed. Finally, this study analyzed the mechanism of the spatial distribution of rural land non-agriculture degree in Guangzhou City by using multiple linear regression and geographical detector. This paper provides some reference for how to use rural non-agricultural process to promote urban development, optimize and regulate rural land use, and plan village development.

Key words: non-agricultural degree of rural land, spatial feature, forming mechanism, rural settlement, metropolitan area, Guangzhou City

刘樱, 周春山, 黄婉玲, 朱倩琼. 大都市区农村土地非农化空间特征及机理——以广州市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(8): 1119-1130.

Ying LIU, Chunshan ZHOU, Wanling HUANG, Qianqiong ZHU. Spatial features and forming mechanism of rural land non-agricultural degree in metropolitan areas: A case study of Guangzhou City[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(8): 1119-1130.

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农村聚落名称	土地非农化指数	个数	分布	特点
农耕型农村聚落	0%~12.5%	396	集中分布在从化、增城、南沙等城市远郊区域和部分例如白云山附近自然坡度较大的区域	以传统农业为主导产业,区域非农化程度极低,非农用地主要以农村居住用地为主
非农化起步型农村聚落	12.5%~25%	273	多聚集在增城、从化和南沙的大部分区域以及花都、番禺区的外围地区	以一产为主导产业,工业化有了初步发展,非农用地主要由少量工业及居住用地构成
非农化发展型农村聚落	25%~50%	254	主要分布在广州中郊、近郊的番禺、花都和白云区域,对行政区内部而言,多集中在副中心的中郊区域	一般以第二产业为主,工业化得到了较好的发展,基础设施得到了一定发展,大量工业用地是非农用地的主要成分
非农化主导型农村聚落	50%~75%	106	集中分布在靠近主城内核的番禺、增城、白云区以及靠近花都副中心的部分区域,从化和增城也有少量分布	以第二产业或第三产业为主,工业高度发展并拉动了第三产业的形成发展,非农用地主要以二三产用地和设施用地为主
非农化型农村聚落	75%以上	78	多分布于大都市内核附近和城市副中心附近,在一些重大基础设施(空港、海港、大学城、地铁站)也有点状分布	以二产或三产为主要业态,城镇化、非农化高度发达,村庄非农用地多元化,包含产业用地、基础设施、城镇建设用地等

因子类型	因子名称
区位可达性	村内道路密度
区位可达性	与主城区距离
人口因子	户籍人口数量
	外来人口数量
	机械增长率
经济指标	村集体收入
经济指标	村民人均收入
土地利用类型因子	工业用地
	商业服务业用地
	村庄建设用地
	耕地
	园地
	林地
	其他农用地

	X₁村内路网密度			X₂主城距离			X₃流动人口			X₄村集体收入			X₅村民人均收入
	高	中	低	高	中	低	高	中	低	高	中	低	高	中	低
番禺区			√	√			√			√			√
花都区	√					√	√			√				√
白云区		√		√			√				√			√
萝岗区(现黄埔区)	√				√		√			√				√
增城市	√					√	√				√			√
从化市	√					√	√					√	√
南沙区		√			√		√			√				√