大数据对人文—经济地理学研究的促进与局限

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大数据技术的诞生不仅快速推动着社会的进步,而且也将科学研究不断引向新的高度。以人类社会经济活动为主要研究对象的人文—经济地理学与当前大数据建设和发展趋势具有高度一致性,大数据的发展对丰富和完善人文—经济地理学势必起到积极的推动作用,同时也对人文—经济地理学的学科思维和研究方法提出了新的挑战。梳理和分析了目前大数据在人文—经济地理学主要研究领域,包括城市内部空间研究、交通与消费行为、社会空间与社会网络研究中的最近进展,以及大数据对参与式研究和决策平台的作用。着重剖析了大数据对人文—经济地理学数据获取,研究思维与范式,研究内容、研究时空尺度与研究目标等方面的促进作用与存在问题,特别是由于大数据自身发展的不完善,在数据收集特别是数据属性方面还存在很大的局限,缺乏理论基础将会使得大数据与实际应用受到很大限制,同时,数据本身也不能替代研究者思维和决策过程。因此,人文—经济地理学者应该科学对待大数据所带来的机遇,弥补和丰富以往发展中的短板,即完善学科数据建设、建立大数据应用较为完善的研究方法体系,促进跨域数据整合和跨域研究,以及推进研究对象和研究目的的转变。

关键词: 大数据, 人文—经济地理学, 研究范式

Abstract:

The technology of "big data" has profoundly changed our life and society, and advanced scientific research. By taking social and human activities as main data source, this technology is of great potential of applications in human and economic geography. Drawing on recent progress in research, this article analyzes the new applications of big data to the research of urban hotspots, functional areas and boundaries, transportation and consumption behaviors and social geography. Based on these analyses, this article articulates the roles of big data in enriching data sources, adding new research themes, bringing new research paradigms, and stimulating the research of coupling to human-spatial research in human and economic geography. However, the technology of "big data" still needs improved, especially the "bias" issue in collection and the attributes of data. It also needs appropriately positioned in the application in human and economic geography because big data cannot replace the data that are collected from field work, or be applied without proper theoretical grounding and hypothesis, and replace the independent thinking of researchers and decision processes. These factors limit the application of big data, which requires more efforts on big data infrastructure development as well as exploration of human and economic geography. Acknowledging the opportunities and roles of big data application, human and economic geographers should emphasize the following to advance the research of this filed: exploring new data sources and paying closer attention to database construction inhuman and economic geography, establishing a research paradigm towards big data applications, facilitating cross-disciplinary and cross-domain research to strengthen the study of human-nature relations, and emphasizing the research towards human behaviors and demands.

Key words: big data, human and economic geography, research paradigms

杨振山, 龙瀛, DOUAY Nicolas. 大数据对人文—经济地理学研究的促进与局限[J]. 地理科学进展, 2015, 34(4): 410-417.

Zhenshan YANG, Ying LONG, DOUAY Nicolas. Opportunities and limitations of big data applications to human and economic geography: the state of the art[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2015, 34(4): 410-417.

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