地理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 165-.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.02.005

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于居民健康的城市高温热浪灾害脆弱性评价——研究进展与框架

谢盼(), 王仰麟(), 彭建, 刘焱序   

  1. 北京大学城市与环境学院 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100871
  • 出版日期:2015-03-23 发布日期:2015-03-23
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:谢盼(1989-),女,湖北赤壁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为综合自然地理与景观生态,E-mail: xiepan1234@gmail.com

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(41330747)

Health related urban heat wave vulnerability assessment:research progress and framework

Pan XIE(), Yanglin WANG(), Jian PENG, Yanxu LIU   

  1. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Online:2015-03-23 Published:2015-03-23

摘要:

随着全球气候变化和城市热岛效应增强,近年来城市高温热浪灾害在世界各地频繁发生,给城市居民健康和社会经济带来了极大的负面影响。目前,国内已有的高温热浪灾害研究大多关注热浪强度、发生频率、持续时间等灾害特征,以城市居民健康作为承灾体的城市高温热浪灾害脆弱性研究尚不多见,相关的评价框架和方法亟待梳理和完善。本文从高温热浪灾害脆弱性的研究主题、脆弱性框架和定量化方法三个方面系统梳理了高温热浪灾害脆弱性国内外研究进展;在广义脆弱性概念框架的基础上完善了基于“暴露—敏感—适应能力”的高温热浪灾害脆弱性评价概念框架,并梳理了相应的指标体系;强调通过自然环境、社会经济、居民感知等多角度的定性、定量数据综合表征城市居民高温热浪灾害脆弱性,以期为高温热浪灾害脆弱性评价提供理论与方法支持,并为规避高温热浪灾害风险、响应高温热浪紧急事件及适应气候变化等提供科学指引。

关键词: 城市高温热浪灾害, 脆弱性评价, 居民健康, 适应能力

Abstract:

With global climate change and urbanization, nature hazards such as extreme heat, rainstorm, water-logging, and fog and haze pollution have become much more frequent in urban areas during the past decades. As a part of the urban hazards, heat wave has been a leading cause of weather related human mortality in many countries and given rise to dramatic negative effects on the health of urban residents and the economy. Heat wave events are attracting widespread attention of the academic research community. In China, existing studies on heat waves mainly focused on the intensity, frequency, duration as well as the spatial patterns of the events and seldom explored the impacts of the heat waves on the health of vulnerable urban residents. Adverse health effects of heat waves can be avoided by identifying populations that are vulnerable to heat waves and providing targeted assistance, thus the improvement of the assessment framework and methodology for health related urban heat wave vulnerability is of great significance. This article reviews the development in research themes, assessment framework, and quantitative methods about health related urban heat wave vulnerability in China and abroad during the past decades and presents a new research framework. Most of the conventional vulnerability assessments contain the elements of exposure and sensitivity. However, in this research, adaptive capacity at both individual and community scales has been taken into account in addition to exposure and sensitivity. An index system combining environmental indicators (such as air temperature, land surface temperature, and land use), demographic indicators (such as age, gender, and education level), and socioeconomic indicators (such as household income, employment, and neighborhood stability) has been built for quantitative vulnerability assessment. Meanwhile, qualitative data from questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews are recommended to be added to the framework for first hand information of the residents and local governments. This research provides theoretical support for health related heat wave vulnerability assessment, as well as help focus attention and resources on more targeted health interventions, heat hazards mitigation, and climate change adaptation strategies.

Key words: urban heat wave hazard, vulnerability assessment, resident health, adaptive capacity