[1] Fisher J B, Whittaker R J, Malhi Y. ET come home: Potentialevapotranspiration in geographical ecology. GlobalEcology and Biogeography, 2011, 20(1): 1-18.[2] Brutsaert W. Evaporation into the Atmosphere: Theory,History and Applications. The Netherland: Springer,1982.[3] Blaney H F, Criddle W D. Determining water requirementsin irrigated areas from climatological irrigation data.Technical Paper No. 96. US Department of Agriculture,SoilConservation Service,Washington, D C. 1950.[4] Hargreaves G H. Moisture availability and crop production.Transactions of the American Society of AgriculturalEngineers, 1975, 18(5): 980-984.[5] Thornthwaite C W. An approach toward a rational classificationof climate. Geographical Review, 1948, 38(1):55-94.[6] Wilm H G. Statistical control of hydrologic data from experimentalwatersheds. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union,1944, 29: 618-622.[7] Donohue R J, Roderick M L, McVicar T R. On the impor-tance of including vegetation dynamics in Budyko’s hydrologicalmodel. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2007, 11(2): 983-995.[8] Hu Z M, Yu G R, Zhou Y L, et al. Partitioning of evapotranspirationand its controls in four grassland ecosystems:Application of a two-source model. Agriculturaland Forest Meteorology, 2009, 149(9): 1410-1420.[9] Trenberth K E, Fasullo J T, Kiehl J. Earth’s global energybudget. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society,2009, 90(3): 311-323.[10] Allen R G, Pereira L, Howell T A, et al. Evapotranspirationinformation reporting: Ⅰ. Factors governing measurementaccuracy. Agricultural Water Management,2011, 98(6): 899-920.[11] Granier A. A new method of sap flow measurement intree stems. Annales des Sciences Forestieres, 1985, 42(2): 193-200.[12] Granier A. Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-firstand by means of sap flow measurements. Tree Physiol,1987, 3(4): 309-320.[13] Fisher J B, Baldocchi D D, Mission L, et al. What thetowers don’t see at night: Nocturnal sap flow in trees andshrubs at two AmeriFlux sites in California. Tree Physiology,2007, 27: 597-610。[14] Hultine K R, Nagler P L, Morino K, et al. Sap flux-scaledtranspiration by tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) before, duringand after episodic defoliation by the saltcedar leaf beetle(Diorhabda carinulata). Agric. Forest Meteorol, 2010, 150(11): 1467-1475.[15] Bowen L S. The ratio of heat losses by conduction and byevaporation from any water surface. Physical Review,1926, 27(6): 779-787.[16] 黄妙芬. 地表通量研究进展. 干旱区地理, 2003, 6(2):159-165.[17] Ohmura A. Objective criteria for rejecting data for Bowenratio flux calculations. Journal Appl. Meteorol, 1982,21(4): 595-598.[18] Howell T A, Schneider A D, Jensen M E. History of lysimeterdesign and use for evapotranspiration measurements.Lysimeters for evapotranspiration and environmentalmeasurements: Proceedings of the InternationalSymposium on Lysimetry. ASCE, Honolulu, HI, 1991:1-9.[19] Massman W J. A simple method for estimating frequencyresponse corrections for eddy covariance systems. Agriculturaland Forest Meteorology, 2000, 104(3): 185-198.[20] Swinbank W C. The measurement of vertical transfer ofheat and water vapour by eddies in the lower atmosphere.Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 1951, 8(3): 135-145.[21] Sun X M, Zhu Z L, Wen X F, et al. The impact of averagingperiod on eddy fluxes observed at ChinaFLUX sites.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2006, 137(3):188-193.[22] 于贵瑞, 孙晓敏. 陆地生态系统通量观测的原理与方法. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.[23] Baldocchi D, Falge E, Gu L H, et al. FLUXNET: A newtool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energyflux densities. Bulletin of the American MeteorologicalSociety, 2001, 82(11): 2415-2434.[24] Moncrieff J B, Malhi Y, Leuning R. The propagation oferrors in long-term measurements of land – atmospherefluxes of carbon and water. Global Change Biology,1996, 2(3): 231-240.[25] 杨正明, 金一锷. 农业气象仪器. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 1989: 110-128.[26] Seguin B, Itier B. Using midday surface temperature toestimate daily evaporation from satellite thermal IR data.International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1983, 4(2):371-383.[27] Mastrorilli M, Katerji N, Rana G, et al. Daily actualevapotranspiration measured with TDR technique inMediterranean conditions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1998, 90(1): 81-89.[28] Bisht G, Venturini V, Islam S, et al. Estimation of the netradiation using MODIS (Moderate Resolution ImagingSpectroradiometer). Remote Sensing of Environment,2005, 97(1): 52-67.[29] Su Z. The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) for estimationof turbulent heat fluxes. Hydrology and EarthSystem Sciences, 2002, 6(1): 85-99.[30] Menenti M, Choudhury B J. Parameterization of land surfaceevaporation by means of location dependent potentialevaporation and surface temperature range//Bolle HJ, Feddes R A, Kalma J D. Exchange processes at theland surface, 1993.[31] Roerink G J, Su Z, Menenti M. S-SEBI: A simple remotesensing algorithm to estimate the surface energy balance.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. Part B: Hydrology,Oceans and Atmosphere, 2000, 25(2): 147-157.[32] Bastiaanssen W G M, Menenti M, Feddes R A, HoltslagAAM. A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithmfor land (SEBAL):1. Formulation. The Journal ofHydrology, 1998, 212: 198-212.[33] Anderson M C, Norman J M, Diak G R, et al. Atwo-source time-integrated model for estimating surface fluxes using thermal infrared remote sensing. RemoteSensing of Environment, 1997, 60(2): 195-216.[34] Baldocchi D. A Lagrangian random-walk model for simulatingwater vapor, CO2 and sensible heat flux densitiesand scalar profiles over and within a soybean canopy.Boundary Layer Meteorology, 1992, 61(1-2): 113-144.[35] Hope A S, Engstrom R, Stow D A. Relationship betweenAVHRR surface temperature and NDVI in arctic tundraecosystems. International Journal of Remote Sensing,2005, 26(8): 1771-1776.[36] Stewart J B, Kustus W P, Humes KS, et al. Sensible heatflux: Radiometric surface temperature relationship foreight semiarid areas. Journal of Applied Meteorology,1994, 33(9): 1110-1117.[37] Wild M, Ohmura A, Makowski K. Impact of global dimmingand brightening on global warming. GeophysicalResearch Letters, 2007, 34L04702, doi: 10. 1029/2006GL028031.[38] Xu C Y, Singh V P. Evaluation and generalization of radiation-based methods for calculating evaporation. HydrologicalProcesses, 2000, 14(2): 339-349.[39] Priestley C H B, Taylor R J. On the assessment of surfaceheat flux and evaporation using large scale parameters.MonthlyWeather Review, 1972, 100(2): 81-92.[40] Black TA. Evapotranspiration from Douglas-fir stands exposedto soil water deficits. Water Resources Research,1979, 15(1): 164-170.[41] Stewart R B, Rouse W R. Substantiation of the Priestleyand Taylor parameter alpha=1.26 for potential evaporationin high latitudes. Journal of Applied Meteorology,1977, 16(4): 649-650.[42] Fisher J B, Debiase T A, Qi Y, et al. Evapotranspirationmodels compared on a Sierra Nevada forest ecosystem.Environmental Modelling and Software, 2005, 20(6):783-796.[43] Fisher J B, Tu K P, Baldocchi D D. Global estimates ofthe land-atmosphere water flux based on monthlyAVHRR and ISLSCP-Ⅱdata, validated at 16 FLUXNETsites. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2008, 112(3):901-919.[44] Fisher J B, Malhi Y, Bonal D, et al. The land – atmospherewater flux in the tropics. Global Change Biology,2009, 15(11): 2694-2714.[45] Vinukollu R K, Wood E F, Ferguson C R, et al. Global estimatesof evapotranspiration for climate studies usingmulti-sensor remote sensing data: Evaluation of three process-based approaches. Remote Sensing of Environment,2011, 115(3): 801-823.[46] Penman H L. Natural Evaporation from Open water, baresoil and grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London:A series, 1948, 193: 120-145.[47] Allen R G. Assessing integrity of weather data for referenceevapotranspiration estimation. Journal of Irrigationand Drainage Engineering, 1998, 122(2): 97-106.[48] Monteith J L. Evaporation and the environment. Symposiumof the Society of Exploratory Biology, 1965, 19(2):205-234.[49] Cleugh H A, Leuning R, Mu Q Z, et al. Regional evaporationestimates from flux tower and MODIS satellite data.Remote Sensing of Environment, 2007, 106(3): 285-304.[50] Mu Q Z, Heinsch F A, Zhao M S, et al. Development of aglobal evapotranspiration algorithm based on MODISand global meteorology data. Remote Sensing of Environment,2007, 111(4): 510-526.[51] Mu Q Z, Zhao M S, Running S W. Improvements to aMODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm.Remote Sensing of Environment, 2011, 115(8):1781-1800.[52] Zhang K, Kimball J S, Mu Q Z, et al. Satellite based analysisof northern ET trends and associated changes in theregional water balance from 1983 to 2005.[53] Shuttleworth W J, Wallace J S. Evaporation from sparsecrops-an energy combination theory. Q.J. Royal MeteorologicalSociety, 1985, 111(469): 839-855.[54] Manare S, Bryan K. Climate calculations with a combinedocean-atmosphere model. Journal of the AtmosphericSciences, 1969, 26(1): 786-789.[55] Bouchet R J. Evapotranspiration reelle evapotranspirationpotentielle, signification climatique. Int. Assoc.Sci. Hydrol.,Gentbrugge, Belgium, Publ. 1963, 62:134-142.[56] Hobbins M T, Ramirez J A, Brown T C. The complementaryrelationship in estimation of regional evapotranspiration:An enhanced Advection-Aridity model. Water ResourcesResearch, 2001, 37(5): 1389-1403.[57] Morton F L. Operational estimates of area evapotranspirationand their significance to the science and practice ofhydrology. Journal of Hydrology, 1983, 66(1-4): 1-76.[58] Budyko M I. Climate and Life. San Diego, Califonia: AcademicPress, 1974: 508.[59] Yang D W, Sun F B, Liu Z Y, et al. Interpreting the complementaryrelationship in non-humid environmentsbased on the Budyko and Penman hypotheses. GeophysicalResearch Letters, 2006, 33(2): L18402.[60] Kite G W, Droogers P. Comparing evapotranspiration estimatesfrom satellites, hydrological models and field data.Journal of Hydrology, 2000, 229(1-2): 3-18.[61] Miralles D G, Gash J H, Holmes T R H, et al. Global canopyinterception from satellite observations. Journal ofGeophysical Research Atmospheres, 2010, 115, D16122,doi:10.1029/2009JD013530.[62] Valente F, David J S, Gash J H C. Modelling interceptionloss for two sparse eucalypt and pine forests in centralPortugal using reformulated Rutter and Gash analyticalmodels. Journal of Hydrology, 1997, 190(1-2): 141-162.[63] Carlyle-Moses D E, Price A G. An evaluation of the Gashinterception model in a northern hardwood stand. Journalof Hydrology, 1999, 214(1-4): 103-110.[64] Jetten V G. Interception of tropical rain forest: Performanceof a canopy water balance model. HydrologicalProcesses, 1996, 10(5): 671-685.[65] Rutter A J, Kershaw K A, Robins P C, et al. A predictivemodel of rainfall interception in forests, 1. Derivation ofthe model from observations in a plantation of corsicanpine. Agricultural Meteorology,1971, 9(1): 367-384.[66] Navar J, Bryan R. Interception loss and rainfall redistributionby 3 semiarid growing shrubs in Northeastern Mexico.Journal of Hydrology, 1990, 115(1-4): 51-63.[67] Navar J, Charles F, Jurado E. Spatial variations of interceptionloss components by Tamaulipan thornscrub innortheastern Mexico. Forest Ecology and Management,1999, 124(1): 231-239.[68] van Dijk A J M, Bruijnzeel L A. Modelling rainfall interceptionby vegetation of variable density using an adaptedanalytical model. Part 1. Model description. Journal ofHydrology, 2001, 247(4): 230-238. |