基于潜在活动空间的个体时空可达性特征与影响因素研究——以上海市郊区为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.11.008

地理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 2086-2098.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.11.008

基于潜在活动空间的个体时空可达性特征与影响因素研究——以上海市郊区为例

范淑斌¹^,²^,³(), 申悦¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

1.华东师范大学中国行政区划研究中心，上海 200062
2.崇明生态研究院，上海 202162
3.华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院，上海 200062
4.华东师范大学未来城市实验室，上海 200241

收稿日期:2022-04-20 修回日期:2022-07-04 出版日期:2022-11-28 发布日期:2023-01-28
通讯作者: *申悦(1987— )，女，上海人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，主要研究方向为城市社会地理学与行为地理学。E-mail: shenyue0519@163.com
作者简介:范淑斌(1998— )，女，河南人，硕士生，主要研究方向为建成环境与出行行为。E-mail: shubin_fan@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871166);国家自然科学基金项目(41971200);上海市自然科学基金项目(21ZR1420600);中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学人文社会科学青年跨学科创新团队项目(2021QKT010)

Characteristics and impact factors of individual spatial-temporal accessibility based on potential path area:A case study in Shanghai suburbs

FAN Shubin¹^,²^,³(), SHEN Yue¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

1. Research Center for China Administrative Division, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2. Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
3. School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
4. The Future City Lab, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Received:2022-04-20 Revised:2022-07-04 Online:2022-11-28 Published:2023-01-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871166);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971200);Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1420600);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021QKT010)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

可达性是人文地理学和相关学科研究的核心议题之一。在“以人为本”理念的影响下，以时间地理学理论为基础、基于人的研究范式的时空可达性测度方法受到学者关注，成为生活质量、社会公平等议题的重要切入点。论文通过刻画整日潜在活动空间对个体的时空可达性进行测度，并以上海市郊区为案例地区，基于2017年居民活动日志一手调查数据开展实证研究。首先利用路网分析、二次开发等方法，对个体工作日和休息日的潜在活动空间进行测度；其次以弹性时间、整日潜在活动空间面积和可达设施密度为测度指标，利用GIS三维可视化、方差分析等方法分析时空可达性的特征及其在空间和时间维度的分异；最后，利用多元回归分析方法，探讨区位因素、时间因素和社会经济属性对居民时空可达性的影响。研究结果表明，上海市郊区居民的时空可达性在空间和时间维度上均存在着明显的分异，其中远郊居民面临着更强的时空制约和更大的空间困境；区位因素和时间因素是影响居民时空可达性的重要因素。该研究是时空可达性的测度方法在郊区中的实证检验，揭示了时空可达性的动态特征和个体间差异，为设施的时空优化配置和郊区新城建设中居民生活质量的提高提供了实证依据。

关键词: 可达性, 时间地理学, 时空棱柱, 微观个体, 上海市郊区

Abstract:

Accessibility is one of the core topics in the study of human geography and related disciplines. Based on the theory of time geography and the human-oriented research paradigm, the measurement methods of spatial-temporal accessibility have attracted the attention of scholars and have become an important approach in quality of life and social equity research. This empirical study measured the individual spatial-temporal accessibility by characterizing daily potential path area and using activity-travel diary data of residents in Shanghai suburbs in 2017. Firstly, road network analysis and secondary development were used to measure individuals' potential path area in weekdays and weekends. Secondly, flexible time, daily potential path area, and density of accessible facilities were taken as indicators to analyze the characteristics of individual spatial-temporal accessibility, and three-dimensional GIS visualization and variance analysis were used to compare the differences in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Finally, the effects of location factors, time factors, and socioeconomic attributes on residents' spatial-temporal accessibility were explored by using multiple regression analysis methods. The results show that significant differences exist in residents' spatial-temporal accessibility, and residents living in outer suburbs face stronger spatial-temporal constraints and greater spatial dilemmas; the location and time factors are the main influencing factors of residents' spatial-temporal accessibility; spatial-temporal accessibility with individuals as the unit of analysis can better reveal the differences between individuals and groups. We also found that spatial-temporal accessibility has advantages in revealing the dynamic characteristics of accessibility in the context of geographic mobility, and the differentiation in temporal and spatial dimensions reflects the need to pay attention to different locations and different groups of people in suburban development and construction. This study is an empirical test of individual spatial-temporal accessibility measures in the suburbs, which is helpful for understanding the relationship between individual daily activity arrangements and spatial-temporal accessibility. The results of the study provide a basis for the optimal spatiotemporal configuration of facilities and the improvement of residents' quality of life in the construction of suburban new towns.

Key words: accessibility, time geography, space-time prism, individual, Shanghai suburbs

范淑斌, 申悦. 基于潜在活动空间的个体时空可达性特征与影响因素研究——以上海市郊区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(11): 2086-2098.

FAN Shubin, SHEN Yue. Characteristics and impact factors of individual spatial-temporal accessibility based on potential path area:A case study in Shanghai suburbs[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(11): 2086-2098.

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属性	类型	比例/%或均值
样本量	N	100
性别	男性	50.99
性别	女性	49.01
年龄(岁)	均值	38.00
婚姻情况	已婚	77.20
婚姻情况	其他(未婚、离婚、丧偶)	22.80
上海户口	是=1	49.72
上海户口	否=0	50.28
是否有小孩	是=1	30.00
是否有小孩	否=0	70.00
受教育程度	研究生	47.17
	大专及本科	48.87
	高中及以下	3.97
区位	中心城边缘区	28.47
	近郊区	54.11
	远郊区	17.42
单位性质	个人经营、无单位	22.66
	外资、私营、集体企业	47.31
	政府、事业单位、国企	30.03
月收入	9000元以上	10.51
	6001~9000元	38.44
	3001~6000元	27.93
	3000元以下	23.12

样本编号	区位	性别	年龄	家庭结构	职业类型	居住地	工作地	受教育程度	个人月收入/元	职住距离/km
139	中心城边缘区	男	34	已婚，与老人、小孩同住	公司职员	宝山区顾村镇共富一村	浦东新区云桥路	本科	20000	20.17
1492	近郊区	男	46	已婚	教师	奉贤区南桥镇庙泾新村	徐汇区龙吴路	大专	7000	21.96
470	远郊区	女	29	已婚，与小孩同住	居委会职员	金山区朱泾镇金来苑小区	金山区临源路	本科	4500	2.44

变量	休息日			工作日			休息日与工作日的差异
变量	弹性时间	DPPA面积	可达设施密度	弹性时间	DPPA面积	可达设施密度	弹性时间	DPPA面积	可达设施密度
区位(参照组：远郊区)
中心城边缘区	0.009	0.205^***	0.422^***	-0.081	0.193^***	0.531^***	-0.069	0.181^***	0.317^***
近郊区	-0.048	0.300^***	0.375^***	-0.135^**	0.245^***	0.332^***	-0.093	0.269^***	0.260^***
休息日弹性时间		0.624^***	0.443^***
工作日弹性时间					0.237^***	0.167^***
弹性时间标准差								0.118^***	0.013
男性(参照组：女性)	0.048	0.026	0.033	-0.011	-0.057	0.005	0.004	0.080^*	-0.003
年龄	0.020	-0.016	0.003	0.054	0.038	-0.012	-0.010	-0.008	-0.044
已婚	0.052	-0.014	-0.020	0.019	-0.013	0.030	0.015	0.021	0.036
上海户口	-0.029	-0.045	-0.066	-0.061	-0.059	-0.027	-0.021	-0.036	-0.045
有孩子	-0.077^*	0.011	0.073^**	-0.039	0.018	-0.057	-0.081^*	-0.016	0.036
单位性质(参照组：政府、事业单位及国企)
个人经营、无单位	0.053	-0.017	-0.034	0.090^*	0.002	-0.072	0.032	-0.048	-0.098^*
外资、私营企业	-0.073	0.001	-0.023	0.034	-0.095^*	-0.075	0.004	0.062	0.002
受教育程度(参照组：高中及以下)
研究生	0.004	0.049	-0.010	0.058	-0.048	-0.035	0.037	0.132^***	-0.029
大专及本科	0.010	-0.015	-0.091^**	-0.020	-0.062	-0.060	-0.063	0.064	0.089^*
月收入(参照组：3000元以下)
9000元以上	0.062	0.052	0.169^***	0.050	0.056	0.160^***	0.043	-0.033	-0.028
6001~9000元	0.052	0.050	0.117^***	0.081	0.064	0.070	0.027	-0.021	-0.039
3001~6000元	-0.024	-0.029	0.069	0.066	-0.025	0.029	0.018	-0.055	0.008
R²	0.032	0.463	0.366	0.028	0.114	0.220	0.019	0.091	0.086

基于潜在活动空间的个体时空可达性特征与影响因素研究——以上海市郊区为例

Characteristics and impact factors of individual spatial-temporal accessibility based on potential path area:A case study in Shanghai suburbs

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