城市夜间灯光强度空间衰减规律及应用

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.07.009

地理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 1251-1260.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.07.009

城市夜间灯光强度空间衰减规律及应用

郑沐辰¹(), 许刚¹^,^*(), 肖锐², 焦利民¹

1.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,武汉 430079
2.武汉大学遥感信息工程学院,武汉 430079

收稿日期:2021-10-15 修回日期:2022-01-18 出版日期:2022-07-28 发布日期:2022-09-28
通讯作者: *许刚(1992— ),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事城市化与土地利用变化研究。E-mail: xugang@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:郑沐辰(2000— ),女,硕士生,主要从事城市空间扩张研究。E-mail: zmchen@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0126800);国家社会科学基金项目(21CGL057);中国博士后科学基金项目(BX20190251);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M662699)

Distance decay of nighttime lights from urban centers and its application

ZHENG Muchen¹(), XU Gang¹^,^*(), XIAO Rui², JIAO Limin¹

1. School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
2. School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2021-10-15 Revised:2022-01-18 Online:2022-07-28 Published:2022-09-28
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Project of China(2019YFE0126800);National Social Science Foundation of China(21CGL057);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20190251);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662699)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

夜间灯光强度是城市社会经济活动强弱的直观表征,通常随到城市中心距离增加而逐渐降低。但其空间衰减过程是否可以定量化、模型化,以及空间衰减规律关于城市形态的指示意义仍不明确。论文获取32个中国主要城市2012年和2020年NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光年度合成数据,以城市中心为圆心,计算同心圆圈层内平均夜光强度;受建设用地密度空间衰减函数启发,采用反S函数拟合城市夜间灯光强度空间衰减特征。结果表明：反S函数可以很好地拟合夜间灯光强度空间衰减特征,模型参数D和α的变化分别反映了城市扩张过程和形态变化。2012—2020年间,各城市半径(参数D)增长到1.1~3.6倍;城市规模较小的长春、银川和西宁经历的夜光亮度增长幅度最大,而东部沿海城市增长幅度较小。参数α的变化说明中国主要城市由夜间灯光反映的空间形态趋于紧凑。反S函数为刻画夜间灯光强度空间衰减提供了新工具,为测度城市扩张和形态变化提供了新指标。

关键词: 夜间灯光, 城市扩张, 梯度分析, 反S函数, 城市形态

Abstract:

Nighttime lights are one of the direct representations of urban social and economic activities, which usually decrease with the distance from urban centers. However, quantifying and modeling the process of distance decay can be challenging, and the potential applications of nighttime light data are not specified. In this study, the annual composites of NPP-VIIRS nighttime lights for 32 major cities in China in 2012 and 2020 were obtained and used to calculate the nighttime light intensity within concentric circle layers by taking the city center as the center of the circle. Inspired by the spatial attenuation function of urban land density, this study used the inversed-S function to fit the distance decay characteristics of urban nighttime light intensity. The results show that the inversed-S function model fits the distance decay characteristics well, and the parameters D and α of the model reflect the process of urban expansion and urban form changes, respectively. From 2012 to 2020, the radius of the cities (parameter D) increased by 1.1-3.6 times. Among the sample cities, smaller cities—Changchun, Yinchuan, and Xining—experienced the greatest expansion of nighttime lights, while eastern coastal cities experienced the least expansion. The change of parameter α indicates that the expansion pattern of nighttime lights in China's major cities tends to be compact. The inversed-S function provides a new tool for describing the spatial pattern of nighttime light intensity and a new indicator for measuring urban expansion and urban form change.

Key words: nighttime light, urban expansion, gradient analysis, inversed-S function, urban form

郑沐辰, 许刚, 肖锐, 焦利民. 城市夜间灯光强度空间衰减规律及应用[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(7): 1251-1260.

ZHENG Muchen, XU Gang, XIAO Rui, JIAO Limin. Distance decay of nighttime lights from urban centers and its application[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(7): 1251-1260.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

各城市反S函数拟合参数

城市	2012年				2020年
城市	$α$	$c$	D/km	$R 2$	$α$	$c$	D/km	$R 2$
上海	2.26	0.02	63.59	0.995	2.95	0.08	70.71	0.992
青岛	1.55	0.03	43.96	0.989	2.29	0.08	63.05	0.971
广州	0.88	0.12	31.03	0.981	1.57	0.07	54.25	0.971
杭州	1.69	0.09	38.03	0.985	2.51	0.13	52.27	0.992
北京	2.51	0	39.09	0.995	2.70	0.05	52.18	0.985
南京	1.13	0.04	29.75	0.989	1.68	0.01	50.77	0.973
天津	0.74	0.02	30.82	0.989	1.51	0.05	46.28	0.981
成都	1.53	0.03	37.31	0.992	1.80	0.07	45.54	0.977
武汉	1.49	0.08	26.43	0.987	2.71	0.09	41.66	0.991
南宁	2.13	0.04	27.78	0.989	2.71	0.05	39.16	0.994
重庆	0.96	0.01	29.86	0.997	2.41	0.04	38.92	0.967
郑州	1.69	0.05	23.56	0.982	2.66	0.07	38.38	0.988
西安	0.73	0.05	21.04	0.986	1.54	0.04	38.06	0.977
长沙	1.56	0.04	24.83	0.989	2.38	0.03	35.25	0.953
合肥	1.59	0.08	20.04	0.980	1.39	0.12	29.76	0.971
福州	1.67	0.03	21.18	0.996	2.47	0.10	28.55	0.995
昆明	1.12	0.03	25.92	0.996	1.73	0.08	27.15	0.993
太原	1.02	0.03	14.34	0.992	2.09	0.09	27.03	0.969
海口	1.34	0	20.80	0.986	1.79	0.20	26.75	0.982
哈尔滨	0.66	0.03	10.64	0.996	1.76	0.12	25.91	0.982
沈阳	0.68	0.04	12.55	0.995	2.70	0.16	25.63	0.978
乌鲁木齐	0.66	0.04	13.19	0.996	2.61	0.06	24.58	0.992
济南	0.68	0.03	10.49	0.998	2.15	0.10	24.07	0.986
呼和浩特	0.56	0.01	7.14	0.994	1.77	0.02	23.52	0.964
长春	0.83	0.05	6.48	0.996	2.13	0.10	23.02	0.979
石家庄	1.07	0	11.29	0.997	2.19	0.14	22.21	0.988
兰州	1.39	0.12	16.76	0.968	1.81	0.13	19.66	0.953
南昌	0.77	0.09	9.75	0.990	1.39	0.16	19.36	0.935
银川	0.75	0.09	5.07	0.995	2.08	0.04	16.11	0.983
贵阳	0.44	0.02	8.62	0.989	1.54	0.04	14.33	0.951
西宁	0.72	0.02	4.21	0.996	2.01	0.09	12.97	0.962
拉萨	0.75	0	10.00	0.968	1.94	0.05	10.97	0.971

表1

图6

图7

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城市夜间灯光强度空间衰减规律及应用

Distance decay of nighttime lights from urban centers and its application

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