地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 1308-1318.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.08.006
收稿日期:
2019-06-03
修回日期:
2019-09-07
出版日期:
2020-08-28
发布日期:
2020-10-28
通讯作者:
梅林
作者简介:
付占辉(1989— ),男,河南南阳人,博士生,主要研究方向为城市地理、城市与区域规划。E-mail: 基金资助:
FU Zhanhui(), MEI Lin*(
), ZHENG Rumin, WANG Tongtong
Received:
2019-06-03
Revised:
2019-09-07
Online:
2020-08-28
Published:
2020-10-28
Contact:
MEI Lin
Supported by:
摘要:
促进女性就业,不仅能够提高女性社会经济地位,还有助于提高社会生产力和经济活力。论文以东北三省“五普”“六普”和2015年1%人口抽样调查数据为基础,借助空间自回归模型方法,探讨东北地区城市女性就业水平的时空特征及其驱动机制。结果表明:① 东北地区城市女性就业水平整体较低,其中南部城市的女性就业水平高于北部。② 从影响因素来看,高学历、便捷的交通、较高的工业水平、完整的家庭以及更多的家庭支持对城市女性就业水平具有积极效应;而养育负担对女性就业水平具有负向效应。其中,三代及以上家庭户比例是2000—2015年老工业基地城市女性就业水平空间分异的主导因素,可见,一个完整的家庭对女性就业具有极其重要的作用。
付占辉, 梅林, 郑茹敏, 王彤彤. 东北地区城市女性就业水平空间分异机制[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(8): 1308-1318.
FU Zhanhui, MEI Lin, ZHENG Rumin, WANG Tongtong. Spatial differentiation mechanism of urban female employment rate in Northeast China[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(8): 1308-1318.
表1
2000—2015年指标变量的统计描述"
变量 | 计算方法 | 均值 | SD | 数值范围 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
因变量 | 女性就业水平Y (%) | 女性就业人数/15~64岁人口 | 0.408 | 0.064 | 0.277~0.524 |
自变量 | |||||
女性教育水平 | 低教育水平X1 (%) | 高中及以下人数/15~64岁人口 | 0.813 | 0.054 | 0.692~0.893 |
高教育水平X2 (%) | 专科及以上人数/15~64岁人口 | 0.062 | 0.031 | 0.026~0.141 | |
城市发展水平 | 城市道路便捷度X3 (m2/km2) | 城市道路面积/市区面积 | 0.696 | 0.287 | 0.008~3.796 |
城市规模X4 (百万人) | 市区常住人口 | 1.071 | 1.076 | 0.195~4.802 | |
服务业发展水平X5 (万元/人) | 服务业增加值/城市人口 | 1.902 | 0.873 | 0.620~3.716 | |
工业发展水平X6 (万元/人) | 工业增加值/城市人口 | 2.710 | 2.973 | 0.315~17.073 | |
社会文化环境 | 女性有配偶比重X7 (%) | 女性有配偶/15岁及以上女性人口 | 0.729 | 0.030 | 0.658~0.780 |
女性无配偶比重X8 (%) | 女性无配偶/15岁及以上女性人口 | 0.272 | 0.030 | 0.220~0.342 | |
育儿压力X9 (%) | 0~4岁儿童/15~64岁人口 | 0.039 | 0.008 | 0.021~0.056 | |
老龄化X10 (%) | 65岁及以上人数/15~64岁人口 | 0.117 | 0.023 | 0.055~0.148 | |
养育负担X11 (%) | (0~4岁+65岁及以上人数)/15~64岁人数 | 0.156 | 0.020 | 0.101~0.184 | |
家庭代际关系X12 (%) | 三代及以上家庭户数/总户数 | 0.103 | 0.019 | 0.074~0.132 |
表4
女性就业水平影响因素的模型评估结果"
变量 | SLM | SEM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
系数 | t值 | Z值 | 系数 | t值 | Z值 | |
ln X1 | -0.376 | -0.535 | 0.593 | -0.603 | -0.862 | 0.388 |
ln X2 | 0.174 | 1.068 | 0.286 | 0.141 | 1.888 | 0.057* |
ln X3 | 0.036 | 1.820 | 0.069* | 0.039 | 1.955 | 0.051* |
ln X4 | 0.023 | 0.658 | 0.511 | 0.020 | 0.586 | 0.558 |
ln X5 | -0.058 | -1.335 | 0.182 | -0.060 | -1.406 | 0.160 |
ln X6 | 0.050 | 1.468 | 0.142 | 0.053 | 1.694 | 0.093* |
ln X7 | 2.323 | 1.437 | 0.151 | 2.710 | 1.719 | 0.086* |
ln X8 | -0.017 | -0.028 | 0.978 | 0.094 | 0.155 | 0.877 |
ln X9 | -0.068 | -0.703 | 0.482 | -0.060 | -0.625 | 0.532 |
ln X10 | 0.354 | 1.442 | 0.149 | 0.409 | 1.736 | 0.083* |
ln X11 | -0.684 | -1.853 | 0.064* | -0.777 | -2.210 | 0.027** |
ln X12 | 1.026 | 2.839 | 0.005*** | 1.067 | 3.073 | 0.002*** |
W*dep.var/spat.aut | 0.044 | 0.383 | 0.702 | 0.253 | 2.022 | 0.043 |
R2 | 0.550 | 0.553 |
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