中国丘陵山区农村贫困时空格局及其演变机制研究——以江西省于都县为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.005

地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 938-950.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.005

• 专辑 | 贫困地域系统演化 • 上一篇下一篇

中国丘陵山区农村贫困时空格局及其演变机制研究——以江西省于都县为例

黄晗^1,^2,³, 李寻欢^1,^2,³, 周扬^1,^2,^3,^*()

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101
2. 中国科学院精准扶贫评估研究中心,北京100101
3. 中国科学院大学,北京100049

收稿日期:2019-12-30 修回日期:2020-04-24 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-08-28
通讯作者: 周扬
作者简介:黄晗(1998— ),男,河南新县人,硕士生,主要从事乡村地理、贫困地理研究。E-mail: huanghandida2018@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871183);国家自然科学基金项目(41601172)

Geographical pattern and spatial differentiation mechanism of rural poverty in hilly and mountainous areas of China: A case study of Yudu County in Jiangxi Province

HUANG Han^1,^2,³, LI Xunhuan^1,^2,³, ZHOU Yang^1,^2,^3,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. Center for Assessment and Research on Targeted Poverty Alleviation, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-12-30 Revised:2020-04-24 Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-08-28
Contact: ZHOU Yang
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871183);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601172)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

解决区域性整体贫困问题是全面建成小康社会的前提。丘陵山区是中国农村贫困人口的聚集区,开展丘陵山区贫困时空格局及其演变机制研究对实现贫困地区转型发展与乡村振兴具有重要的理论意义。论文以江西省于都县为例,以村域为研究单元,采用空间自相关、核密度估计、地理探测器等模型方法刻画了于都县农村贫困地理格局及其分异特征,识别了丘陵山区驱动农村贫困化的主导因子,揭示了农村贫困化的驱动机制。结果表明：① 丘陵山区农村贫困化存在明显的地域分异规律和空间集聚性特征,且聚集效应随减贫力度加大有所减弱;② 坡度、行政村到县城中心的可达度、路网密度和公共服务点数量是丘陵山区农村贫困化分异的主导因子,且随时间推移,资源禀赋不足对农村贫困化的驱动作用有所减弱,区位条件对农村贫困化的驱动作用逐渐增强;③ 不同时期丘陵山区农村贫困化地域分异的主导因素有所不同。农村贫困化有其自然和人文根源,科学减贫政策的制定与实施需以深化贫困发生机制理论认知为基础,协同推进区域性贫困和个体性贫困的减轻,从而实现贫困地区转型发展和乡村振兴。

关键词: 贫困地理学, 农村贫困化, 分异机制, 乡村振兴, 丘陵山区

Abstract:

Addressing regional poverty is the prerequisite for completing the process of building a moderately well-off society in all aspects. As a concentrated area of China's impoverished rural population, the study on the spatial and temporal patterns of poverty in hilly and mountainous areas and its driving mechanism is of great theoretical significance for the transformation and development of poor areas and rural revitalization. Based on the perspective of regional poverty, this study, taking Yudu County of Jiangxi Province as an example, used the standard deviational ellipse, spatial autocorrelation, kernel density estimation, and geographical detector model to describe the geographical pattern of rural poverty and its differentiation characteristics in the county, identify the leading factors of rural poverty, and reveal the driving mechanism of poverty in hilly and mountainous areas. The results demonstrated that the phenomenon of spatial agglomeration exists in the occurrence of rural poverty in hilly and mountainous areas, and the aggregation effect decreases with the proper implementation of poverty alleviation policies. The dominant influencing factors responsible for the spatial differentiation of rural poverty in Yudu County include slope of the terrain, traffic accessibility to town centers from administrative villages, road network density, and the number of public service agencies. As time goes, the influence of natural resource endowment conditions on the spatial differentiation of rural poverty has been weakened while geographic conditions gradually plays a leading role. The leading factors influencing the spatial differentiation of poverty in hilly and mountainous areas varied at different stages. Rural poverty in hilly and mountainous areas has its natural and cultural roots. The formulation and implementation of scientific poverty reduction policies should be based on deepening the theoretical understanding of poverty occurrence mechanism, and promoting the alleviation of regional and individual poverty in a coordinated way, so as to realize the transformation, development, and rural revitalization of poor areas.

Key words: poverty geography, rural poverty, differentiation mechanism, rural revitalization, hilly and mountainous areas

黄晗, 李寻欢, 周扬. 中国丘陵山区农村贫困时空格局及其演变机制研究——以江西省于都县为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 938-950.

HUANG Han, LI Xunhuan, ZHOU Yang. Geographical pattern and spatial differentiation mechanism of rural poverty in hilly and mountainous areas of China: A case study of Yudu County in Jiangxi Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(6): 938-950.

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系统层	指标层	指标释义
资源禀赋	平均海拔(X₁)	行政村内的平均海拔高度(m)
	平均坡度(X₂)	行政村内的平均坡度(°)
	人均耕地面积(X₃)	行政村内耕地面积与农业人口的比值(亩/人)
	自然村分布核密度(X₄)	行政村栅格单元邻域密度的平均值(km²)
区位条件	到乡镇中心的可达度(X₅)	行政村栅格单元到县城中心时间成本的平均值(h)
	到县城中心的可达度(X₆)	行政村栅格单元到乡镇中心时间成本的平均值(h)
	路网密度(X₇)	行政村内道路里程与村域面积的比值(km/km²)
	到主干道距离(X₈)	行政村到国道、省道和县道的最短距离(km)
公共服务	公共服务点数量(X₉)	行政村内教育文化、金融保险、医疗卫生等公共服务点的数量(个)
公共服务	到最近公共服务点距离(X₁₀)	行政村到教育文化、金融保险、医疗卫生等公共服务点的最近距离(km)

年份	中心坐标	长半轴/km	短半轴/km	扁率	方位角/(°)
2013	115°30′35″E, 25°58′00″N	25.021	12.172	0.514	34.079
2014	115°30′38″E, 25°58′00″N	25.135	12.020	0.522	34.108
2015	115°30′39″E, 25°58′00″N	25.417	11.928	0.531	33.939
2016	115°30′34″E, 25°57′28″N	25.785	11.832	0.541	33.640
2017	115°30′35″E, 25°57′26″N	25.967	11.788	0.546	33.585
2018	115°30′39″°E, 25°57′19″N	26.016	11.545	0.556	33.551

年份	Moran指数	期望值	Z得分	P值
2013	0.401	-0.003	12.981	<0.001
2014	0.427	-0.003	13.801	<0.001
2015	0.421	-0.003	13.558	<0.001
2016	0.349	-0.003	11.261	<0.001
2017	0.326	-0.003	10.519	<0.001
2018	0.167	-0.003	5.394	<0.001

年份	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀
2013	0.044	0.092^***	0.005	0.026	0.066	0.023	0.161^***	0.043	0.212^***	0.049^**
2014	0.064	0.106^***	0.007	0.033	0.086	0.031	0.177^***	0.055^*	0.217^***	0.057^**
2015	0.086^***	0.109^***	0.006	0.040	0.085	0.059	0.178^***	0.050	0.211^***	0.057^**
2016	0.088^***	0.079^***	0.010	0.037	0.075	0.085^***	0.140^***	0.051^*	0.142^***	0.050^**
2017	0.083^**	0.073^***	0.013	0.029	0.072	0.088^***	0.109^***	0.056^**	0.121^***	0.044^**
2018	0.051^*	0.032^*	0.023	0.019	0.033	0.047^***	0.049^***	0.018	0.049^***	0.032^**

中国丘陵山区农村贫困时空格局及其演变机制研究——以江西省于都县为例

Geographical pattern and spatial differentiation mechanism of rural poverty in hilly and mountainous areas of China: A case study of Yudu County in Jiangxi Province

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