中国可持续减贫的发展地理学研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.001

地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 892-901.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.001

• 专辑 | 减贫与发展理论 • 上一篇下一篇

中国可持续减贫的发展地理学研究

刘小鹏^1,^2,³, 程静², 赵小勇^2,³, 苗红^2,³, 魏静宜², 曾端², 马存霞²

1. 宁夏大学中卫校区公共教学部,宁夏中卫 755000
2. 宁夏大学资源环境学院,银川 750021
3. 宁夏乡村振兴战略研究中心,银川 750021

收稿日期:2019-12-31 修回日期:2020-02-24 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-08-28
作者简介:刘小鹏(1973— ),男,宁夏海原人,博士,教授,博士生导师,中国地理学会会员(S110005070M),主要从事贫困地理、发展地理学研究。E-mail: 2641996568@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41761025);国家自然科学基金项目(41761024);国家自然科学基金项目(41461039);国家自然科学基金项目(41261021)

Sustainable poverty reduction of China in a view of development geography

LIU Xiaopeng^1,^2,³, CHENG Jing², ZHAO Xiaoyong^2,³, MIAO Hong^2,³, WEI Jingyi², ZENG Duan², MA Cunxia²

1. Division of Public Teaching,Zhongwei campus, Ningxia University, Zhongwei 755000, Ningxia, China
2. School of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
3. Ningxia Research Center of Rural Revitalization Strategy, Yinchuan 750021, China.

Received:2019-12-31 Revised:2020-02-24 Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-08-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761025);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761024);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41461039);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41261021)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国2020年减贫转向后相对贫困将贯穿于现代化全过程,减贫的可持续性面临着巨大挑战。论文在梳理中国贫困地理研究的基础上,从发展地理学视角阐述了可持续减贫的内涵、尺度分析模式、对象划分、评价监测,以及路径设计和发展干预。主要结论为：① 可持续减贫是在建立家庭和地方发展潜力与动力基础上的持续减少贫困,并缩小发展差距的思想和实践范式;② 可持续减贫结合自下而上和自上而下尺度分析模式,研究减贫的尺度转换过程,反映减贫要素和决策实施在空间的尺度解构和重构;③ 可持续减贫对象分为绝对贫困家庭、相对贫困家庭、相对贫困村、相对贫困乡(镇)和相对贫困县,并提出了绝对贫困线和相对贫困线标准;④ 运用“五维地理资本指数”和欧氏空间距离,分析县域可持续减贫成效与区域收敛性;⑤ 可持续减贫通过地方化、区域化和全球化空间整合,推动区域贫困治理由传统模式向高质量发展转型;⑥ 可持续减贫突出以地方为主的“内源—外源”融合的发展干预。

关键词: 贫困地理, 可持续减贫, 尺度分析, 发展干预, 发展地理学, 中国

Abstract:

After the turn of China's poverty reduction in 2020, relative poverty will run through the whole process of modernization, and sustainable development and poverty reduction are facing great challenges. Based on the study of poverty geography in China, this article expounds the connotation, scale analysis model, objects, evaluation and monitoring, path design, and development intervention of sustainable poverty reduction from the perspective of development geography. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Sustainable poverty reduction refers to the ideological and practical paradigm of continuously reducing poverty and narrowing the development gap on the basis of establishing the development potential and motivation of households and local development. 2) The process of scale transformation reflects the spatial scale deconstruction and reconstruction of poverty reduction factors and decision-making implementation. 3) The objects of sustainable poverty reduction include absolute poverty families, relative poverty families, relative poverty villages, relative poverty townships (towns), and relative poverty counties. 4) The effect of sustainable poverty reduction and regional convergence can be analyzed using the five dimensional geographic capital indices and Euclidean spatial distance. 5) Sustainable poverty reduction requires the spatial integration of localization, regionalization, and globalization to promote the transition from traditional growth to high-quality development. 6) The development intervention of sustainable poverty reduction should highlight the local-dominant integration of endogenous and exogenous forces.

Key words: poverty geography, sustainable poverty reduction, scale analysis, development intervention, development geography, China

刘小鹏, 程静, 赵小勇, 苗红, 魏静宜, 曾端, 马存霞. 中国可持续减贫的发展地理学研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 892-901.

LIU Xiaopeng, CHENG Jing, ZHAO Xiaoyong, MIAO Hong, WEI Jingyi, ZENG Duan, MA Cunxia. Sustainable poverty reduction of China in a view of development geography[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(6): 892-901.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

表1

可持续减贫地理资本指标体系"

地理资本	原始指标或生成指标	属性	权重	指标释义
经济地理资本	C₁ 人均GDP(万元)	+	0.188	指经济发展水平和潜力
	C₂ 第三产业增加值/GDP(%)	+	0.181	指经济发展水平和潜力
	C₃ 农村居民人均可支配收入/消费支出(%)	+	0.173	指返贫风险。值越大风险越小,反之越大
	C₄ 农民生活信息化程度(%)	+	0.154	指市场的连通性,反映经济整合的脆弱性
	C₅ 农业信息化覆盖率(%)	+	0.151	指市场的连通性,反映经济整合的脆弱性
	C₆ 行政村客运班线通达率(%)	+	0.153	指市场的连通性,反映经济整合的脆弱性
政治地理资本	C₇ 政府减贫政策普惠性(%)	+	0.285	反映一个地区获取更多扶贫资源的可能性和政治获得
	C₈ 农村居民对政府的信任度(%)	+	0.247	反映一个地区获取更多扶贫资源的可能性和政治获得
	C₉ 农村居民参与决策积极度(%)	+	0.236	反映一个地区获取更多扶贫资源的可能性和政治获得
	C₁₀ 农村居民政策满意度(%)	+	0.232	反映一个地区获取更多扶贫资源的可能性和政治获得
社会地理资本	C₁₁ 城镇化率(%)	+	0.178	反映城镇吸引和扩散能力
	C₁₂ 社会扶贫网覆盖度(%)	+	0.168	反映社会扶贫的效率和社会整合度
	C₁₃ 农民合作社参与率(%)	+	0.165	反映带动农民发展现代农业和持续稳定增收的能力和可持续水平
	C₁₄ 社会保障覆盖率(%)	+	0.171	反映社会保障体系的惠及程度
	C₁₅ 公共安全感指数(%)	+	0.165	反映农村公共安全、社会治安秩序的满意度
	C₁₆ 平均预期寿命(岁)	+	0.153	反映地区居民生活质量和健康水平
文化地理资本	C₁₇ 公共教育财政支出/GDP(%)	+	0.202	指教育资源配置的均衡性与公平性,反映社会—空间可达性
	C₁₈ 公共卫生财政支出/GDP(%)	+	0.202	指卫生资源配置的均衡性与公平性,反映社会—空间可达性
	C₁₉ 公共文化财政支出/GDP(%)	+	0.188	指文化资源配置的均衡性与公平性,反映社会—空间可达性
	C₂₀ R&D投入/GDP(%)	+	0.222	指区域创新能力
	C₂₁ 农业科技贡献率(%)	+	0.186	指农业农村科技创新水平
生态地理资本	C₂₂ 生态环境保护投资/GDP(%)	+	0.167	反映经济发展的绿色水平
	C₂₃ 灾损率(%)	-	0.143	指农业气候条件
	C₂₄ 农业生产率(%)	+	0.148	主要反映更低质量,衡量粮食安全
	C₂₅ 农村废弃物资源化利用率(%)	+	0.124	反映废弃物循环利用水平
	C₂₆ 农村自来水普及率(%)	+	0.142	反映饮水安全
	C₂₇ 农村卫生厕所普及率(%)	+	0.146	反映卫生条件
	C₂₈ 森林覆盖率(%)	+	0.130	反映县域生态保护和修复状况

表1

图4

图5

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中国可持续减贫的发展地理学研究

Sustainable poverty reduction of China in a view of development geography

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