基于等级合理性和居业协同度的村庄类型识别与振兴路径研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.015

地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 1060-1072.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.015

• 专辑 | 乡村振兴 • 上一篇

基于等级合理性和居业协同度的村庄类型识别与振兴路径研究

方方¹, 李裕瑞^2,^*(), 何仁伟³

1. 北京市社会科学院经济研究所,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
3. 北京市社会科学院市情调研中心,北京 100101

收稿日期:2019-11-11 修回日期:2020-01-03 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-08-28
通讯作者: 李裕瑞
作者简介:方方(1985— ),女,河南南阳人,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为农村经济。E-mail: fanglank@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目(41601176);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41731286);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41971220);北京市社会科学院青年课题项目(2019B5537)

Village type identification and rural revitalization path based on the rank level appropriateness and coordination degree of housing-jobs

FANG Fang¹, LI Yurui^2,^*(), HE Renwei³

1. Institute of Economics, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
3. City Situation Survey Research Center, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2019-11-11 Revised:2020-01-03 Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-08-28
Contact: LI Yurui
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601176);Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41731286);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971220);Beijing Academy of Social Sciences Project for Young Scholars(2019B5537)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

村镇体系是乡村要素集聚与实施乡村振兴战略的空间载体,通过判断村镇体系与乡村振兴之间的逻辑关系,探索不同类型农区村镇体系的空间优化路径,对于科学推进乡村振兴战略具有重要指导意义。论文利用江苏省丰县356个村庄、14个镇的多源数据,从等级合理度与居业协同度2个维度构建村镇体系评价体系,探析了村镇人口、农业、非农业要素集聚能力、空间极化特征与居业协同格局,然后基于村庄类型的划分,进一步识别了乡村振兴的空间类型,最后提出了不同空间类型的乡村振兴路径与具体对策。主要研究结论为:① 丰县村镇体系呈现出结构相对稳定、空间极化程度不高、局部地区居业相对失衡、乡村振兴内在动力不足等主要特征;② 结合要素集聚与居业协同特征,将村庄划分为人口—非农业要素滞后的弱就业功能型(I)、人口—农业要素滞后的弱就业功能型(II)、人口—非农业要素相对滞后的低水平居业均衡型(III)、要素相对耦合的高水平居业协同型(IV)、非农业要素滞后的弱居住功能型(V)、农业要素滞后的弱居住功能型(VI)6种类型;③ 基于村庄类型识别结果,进一步甄别了丰县未来推进乡村振兴的核心区、外围区、潜力区,构建了分区分类实施乡村振兴战略的基本思路与具体路径。

关键词: 村镇体系, 村庄类型识别, 居业协同, 乡村振兴, 路径, 江苏丰县

Abstract:

As a multi-level and organic regional system composed of different levels of nodes, a village and town system is the spatial carrier of rural factor agglomeration and implementing the strategy of rural revitalization. It is of great importance to build a rank-size appropriate, livable, and efficient village and town system and promote the strategy of rural revitalization scientifically by examining the logical relationship between the village and town system and rural revitalization, and exploring the spatial optimization path of different types of rural village and town systems. Based on the sampling data of 356 villages and 14 towns in Feng County of Jiangsu Province, this study analyzed the agglomeration capacity of population, agricultural, and non-agricultural factors, spatial polarization characteristics, and the coordination pattern of housing-jobs in Feng County by constructing the evaluation system of village and town system from the two dimensions of rank-level appropriateness and the coordination degree of housing-jobs. This study then identified the spatial types of rural revitalization based on the division of different types of villages, and finally, proposed rural revitalization paths and specific measures for different spatial types. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The village and town system of Feng County is characterized by relatively stable rank distribution, weak spatial polarization, relative imbalance of housing-jobs in some areas, and insufficient motivation of rural revitalization. 2) According to the characteristics of factor agglomeration and housing-job coordination, the villages can be divided into six types—weak employment functional type with lagging population and non-agricultural factors (I), weak employment functional type with lagging population and agricultural factors (II), low-level housing-job coordination type with relatively lagging population and non-agricultural factors (III), high-level housing-job coordination type with relatively coupled factors (IV), weak residential functional type with lagging non-agricultural factors (V), and weak residential functional type with lagging agricultural factors (VI). 3) Based on the result of village spatial type identification, this study further delineated the core area, peripheral area, and potential area of promoting rural revitalization in the future; from the perspective of cultivating the growth pole of rural revitalization, building the demonstration area of rural housing-job coordination, improving the self-development ability of the peripheral area, and promoting the coordination of housing-jobs at the county level by undertaking the transfer of resource factors in potential area, this study developed the basic thoughts and suggested specific paths of the rural revitalization strategy.

Key words: village and town system, village type identification, housing-job coordination, rural revitalization, path, Feng County, Jiangsu Province

方方, 李裕瑞, 何仁伟. 基于等级合理性和居业协同度的村庄类型识别与振兴路径研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 1060-1072.

FANG Fang, LI Yurui, HE Renwei. Village type identification and rural revitalization path based on the rank level appropriateness and coordination degree of housing-jobs[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(6): 1060-1072.

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	指标	计算公式	单位	功效	说明
人口要素	人口迁移率(x₁)	常住人口/户籍人口	—	+	反映乡村人口外流程度。数值越高,人口越趋于流入,人口要素集聚能力越强
	人口密度(x₂)	常住人口/行政区总面积	人/km²	+	人口密度越高,常住人口集聚能力越强
	从业人员比重(x₃)	乡村从业人员/常住人口	%	+	反映从事农业与非农业的就业人员的集聚能力
农业要素	人均耕地面积(x₄)	耕地面积/户籍人口	hm²/人	+	人均耕地面积越多,村域耕地资源越丰富,农业生产要素集聚能力越强
	复种指数(x₅)	农作物播种面积/耕地面积	%	+	复种指数越高,农业集约利用程度越高,农业要素投入产出能力越强
	农业从业人员比重(x₆)	农业从业人员/从业人员总数	%	+	数值越高,农业从业人员集聚能力越强
	种养大户比重(x₇)	(种植大户+养殖大户)/常住户数	%	+	数值越高,从事种植业与畜牧业的专业农户集聚能力越强
非农业要素	每万人拥有各类企业数量(x₈)	企业数量/常住人口×10000	个	+	数值越高,非农企业集聚能力越强
	非农从业人员比重(x₉)	非农从业人员/从业人员总数	%	+	比重越高,非农从业人员集聚能力越强
	个体工商户比重(x₁₀)	个体工商户/户籍总户数	%	+	比重越高,个体工商户集聚能力越强

基于等级合理性和居业协同度的村庄类型识别与振兴路径研究

Village type identification and rural revitalization path based on the rank level appropriateness and coordination degree of housing-jobs

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