人口流出地区城镇化路径机制再认识——以四川省县域单元为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

论文以四川省县域单元为研究对象,探讨了人口流出地区城镇化发展的特征与机制。研究发现,不同于沿海地区,四川省县域城镇化以生活为主导,农民进城的目标以生活与教育为主,而非进城务工。进城人群的主体是劳动力大量流失后剩下的留守人群,进城生活的经济来源相当程度上依赖外出劳动力打工收入的返还。在产业支撑城镇化能力较弱的同时,形成了异地工业化带动本地城镇化的特殊模式。在特殊的人口进城机制影响下,人口流出地区往往呈现特殊的城镇化表现,如人口流出越多,城镇化速度越快,县城可以脱离制造业而繁荣发展,县域城镇人口增速远超过地级市等。基于新的认识,研究对城镇化机制相关认识进行了探讨,并就此类地区城镇化发展的长期趋势、潜在问题进行了展望。

关键词: 城镇化机制, 县域, 人口流出, 四川省

Abstract:

Taking the county unit of Sichuan Province as the research object, the characteristics and mechanism of urbanization in population outflow areas are discussed. The study found that: different from the experience of coastal cities, urbanization of counties in Sichuan Province is dominated by living-oriented type, and the main driving forces for the urbanization of rural population are consumption and education demands. The main body of the newly urbanized population is the left-behind population after considerable labor losses, and their financial resource of living in cities depends to a large extent on the remittance sent back by migrant workers. Industry shows weak support to urbanization, forming a special mode of urbanization, that is, remote industrialization driven local urbanization, which leads to many unique phenomena. For example, the more population outflow, the faster urbanization speed; counties continued to grow and flourish without manufacturing development; and the urbanization speed of counties is faster than that of city. Based on these new findings, this article discussed the relevant understanding of urbanization mechanism and the prospect of long-term trend and potential problems of urbanization development in such areas.

Key words: urbanization mechanism, county level, population outflow, Sichuan Province

肖磊, 潘劼. 人口流出地区城镇化路径机制再认识——以四川省县域单元为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 402-409.

XIAO Lei, PAN Jie. Re-examination of urbanization paths and mechanism in population outflow areas: A case study of counties in Sichuan Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(3): 402-409.

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地区	户籍人口/万人	常住人口/万人	净流出人口/万人
四川省	9102.0	8204.0	898.0
成都市	1155.9	1465.8	-309.9
地级市辖区	2119.6	1995.6	124.0
县域(研究区内76个)	5143.0	4065.1	1077.9

层级	2015年城镇化率	2000年城镇化率	2000—2015年城镇人口年均增长率
全省	48.1	27.1	3.9
成都市	71.6	53.7	3.8
地级市辖区	57.9	40.6	2.7
县域(研究区内76个)	37.5	16.7	4.6

流出规模	个数	2015年常住人口/万人	平均规模/万人	2015年净流出人口/万人	平均净流出人口/万人	城镇人口年均增速/%
全省平均	—	8204.0	—	898.0	—	3.9
县域人口流出20万~50万	20	1736.6	86.8	630.1	31.5	5.6
县域人口流出10万~20万	22	1318.5	59.9	322.7	14.7	4.2
县域人口流出10万内	34	1010.0	29.7	125.1	3.7	3.9

层级	2000—2015年工业总产值年均增速	2000—2015年城镇人口年均增速
全省	8.1	3.9
成都市	4.0	3.8
地级市辖区	9.8	2.7
县域(研究区内76个)	9.4	4.6