乡村非农产业时空格局及其对居民收入的影响

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.02.004

地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 219-230.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.02.004

乡村非农产业时空格局及其对居民收入的影响

韩炜¹, 蔡建明^2,^*()

^1. 中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京 100081
^2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101

收稿日期:2019-01-28 修回日期:2019-08-22 出版日期:2020-02-28 发布日期:2020-04-28
通讯作者: 蔡建明
作者简介:韩炜(1987— ),女,山西长治人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事城乡可持续发展研究。E-mail:han_wei1987@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(71734001);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP-IAED-2019-04)

Spatiotemporal pattern of rural non-farm sector and its impact on rural residents’ income

HAN Wei¹, CAI Jianming^2,^*()

^1. Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
^2. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2019-01-28 Revised:2019-08-22 Online:2020-02-28 Published:2020-04-28
Contact: CAI Jianming
Supported by:
Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(71734001);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP-IAED-2019-04)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发展乡村非农产业是“乡村振兴战略”的重要组成部分,也是乡村经济繁荣的前提条件。论文以中国乡镇企业数据代表乡村非农产业,探讨2000—2013年各省份乡村非农产业发展水平及其全局和局部空间演化特征。在乡村非农产业时空特征分析的基础上,从空间角度和时间角度分别进行回归分析,研究乡村非农产业对乡村居民收入的影响。结果表明：① 中国乡村非农产业变化巨大,时间上发展迅速,但内部差异呈扩大态势;空间分布上东部与中西部存在明显的差距,东部集聚仅在山东、浙江、江苏三省;产业类型构成上,工业占主导地位,批发零售业和建筑业次之,东部地区较中西部地区对工业依赖度更高。② 乡村非农产业对农民收入具有明显的正向促进效应,在空间上具有异质性,东部地区非农产业发展对居民收入的促进作用较中西部地区更高;时间维度上,乡村非农产业对居民收入促进作用逐渐减弱。根据研究结论提出重点支持中西部地区发展、完善乡村制度改革、发展多种产业类型等建议。

关键词: 乡村非农产业, 时空格局, 居民收入, 乡村振兴, 中国

Abstract:

The development of rural non-farm sector (RNFS) is an important part of China's Rural Revitalization Strategy and the prerequisite for the prosperity of rural economy. Based on the data of Chinese township and village enterprises, this study examined the development of RNFS and its spatial pattern during 2000-2013 in China. On the basis of spatial and temporal analyses on RNFS, the spillover effects of RNFS on rural residents' income was studied by regression analysis from the spatial and temporal perspectives. The results show that: 1) The overall development of RNFS changed greatly. Temporally, the RNFS increased rapidly in China, but differences within the sector were enlarged. Spatially, there was an obviously east-central and west gap, and the agglomerations were mainly found in Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang Provinces. With regard to the structure of RNFS, industry took the dominant position, followed by wholesale and retail trade and construction. The eastern region relied more on industry than the central and western regions. 2) The rural non-farm sector had positive spillover effects on rural residents' income, which showed heterogeneity in space. The impact of RNFS on rural residents' income in the eastern region was stronger than that in the central and western regions. Over time, the impact of RNFS on residents' income is gradually weakening. Accordingly, some recommendations are put forward, including supporting the development of the central and western regions, improving the reform of the rural system, and developing various types of industries.

Key words: rural non-farm sector, spatiotemporal pattern, residents' income, rural revitalization, China

韩炜, 蔡建明. 乡村非农产业时空格局及其对居民收入的影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(2): 219-230.

HAN Wei, CAI Jianming. Spatiotemporal pattern of rural non-farm sector and its impact on rural residents’ income[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(2): 219-230.

图/表 11

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表2

表3

表4

参考文献 42

[1]	Reardon T . Using evidence of household income diversification to inform study of the rural nonfarm labor market in Africa[J]. World Development, 1997,25(5):735-747.
[2]	冉璐, 谢家智, 张明 . 非农工作经历与农民务农收入: 基于分位数回归与分解的实证研究[J]. 农业技术经济, 2013(6):32-39.
	[ Ran Lu, Xie Jiazhi, Zhang Ming . Nonfarm work experience and farmers' income: An empirical study based on quantile regression and decomposition. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2013(6):32-39. ]
[3]	肖龙铎, 张兵 . 金融可得性、非农就业与农民收入: 基于CHFS数据的实证研究[J]. 经济科学, 2017(2):74-87.
	[ Xiao Longduo, Zhang Bing . Financial availability, nonfarm employment and farmers' income: An empirical study based on CHFS data. Economic Science, 2017(2):74-87. ]
[4]	Gardner B L . Economic growth and low incomes in agriculture[J]. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2000,82(5):1059-1074.
[5]	钟甫宁, 何军 . 增加农民收入的关键: 扩大非农就业机会[J]. 农业经济问题, 2007(1):62-70.
	[ Zhong Funing, He Jun . To generate more off-farm job opportunities as the key to increase the framers' income. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2007(1):62-70. ]
[6]	Corral L, Reardon T . Rural nonfarm incomes in Nicaragua[J]. World Development, 2001,29(3):427-442.
[7]	Misra S B . Growth and structure of rural non-farm employment in Maharashtra: Reflections from NSS data in the post reform period[J]. Procedia Economics & Finance, 2014,11(14):137-151.
[8]	Dorosh P, Thurlow J . Beyond agriculture versus, non-agriculture: Decomposing sectoral growth-poverty linkages in five African countries[J]. World Development, 2016,109:440-451.
[9]	Tsiboe F, Zereyesus Y A, Osei E . Non-farm work, food poverty, and nutrient availability in northern Ghana[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016,47:97-107.
[10]	Adams R H . Non-farm income and inequality in rural Pakistan[J]. Pakistan Development Review, 1993,32(4):1187-1198.
[11]	Lanjouw P . Rural non-agricultural employment and poverty in Latin America: Evidence from Ecuador and El Salvador[M]. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000: 20-60.
[12]	Reardon T, Berdegué J, Escobar G . Rural nonfarm employment and incomes in Latin America: Overview and policy implications[J]. World Development, 2001,29(3):395-409.
[13]	冯健, 叶竹 . 基于个体生命历程视角的苏南城镇化路径转变与市民化进程[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017,36(2):137-150.
	[ Feng Jian, Ye Zhu . Urban transformation and the progress of citizenization in Southern Jiangsu based on the perspective of life course. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(2):137-150. ]
[14]	包宗顺, 徐志明, 高珊 , 等. 农村土地流转的区域差异与影响因素: 以江苏省为例[J]. 中国农村经济, 2009(4):23-30.
	[ Bao Zongshun, Xu Zhiming, Gao Shan , et al. Regional differences and influencing factors of rural land transfer: A case study of Jiangsu Province. Chinese Rural Economy, 2009(4):23-30. ]
[15]	Su B, Li Y, Li L , et al. How does nonfarm employment stability influence farmers' farmland transfer decisions? Implications for China's land use policy[J]. Land Use Policy, 2017,74:66-72.
[16]	Dedehouanou S F A, Araar A, Ousseini A , et al. Spillovers from off-farm self-employment opportunities in rural Niger[J]. World Development, 2018,105:428-442.
[17]	马晓冬, 李鑫, 胡睿 , 等. 基于乡村多功能评价的城市边缘区“三生”空间划分研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019,38(9):1382-1392.
	[ Ma Xiaodong, Li Xin, Hu Rui , et al. Delineation of "production-living-ecological" space for urban fringe based on rural multifunction evaluation. Progress in Geography, 2019,38(9):1382-1392. ]
[18]	刘樱, 周春山, 黄婉玲 , 等. 大都市区农村土地非农化空间特征及机理: 以广州市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018,37(8):111-122.
	[ Liu Ying, Zhou Chunshan, Huang Wanling , et al. Spatial features and forming mechanism of rural land non-agricultural degree in metropolitan areas: A case study of Guangzhou City. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(8):111-122. ]
[19]	温涛, 张梓榆 . 中国金融产业对农业与非农产业发展作用的比较研究[J]. 农业技术经济, 2015(7):46-59.
	[ Wen Tao, Zhang Ziyu . A comparative study of the role of China's financial industry in the development of agriculture and nonfarm industries. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2015(7):46-59. ]
[20]	任国强 . 人力资本对农民非农就业与非农收入的影响研究: 基于天津的考察[J]. 南开经济研究, 2004(3):3-10.
	[ Ren Guoqiang . A study on the impact of human capital on nonfarm employment and nonfarm income of farmers: Based on the investigation of Tianjin. Nankai Economic Studies, 2004(3):3-10. ]
[21]	罗锋, 黄丽 . 人力资本因素对新生代农民工非农收入水平的影响: 来自珠江三角洲的经验证据[J]. 中国农村观察, 2011(1):10-19.
	[ Luo Feng, Huang Li . The human capital factors affecting new generation of migrant workers' non-agricultural earnings: Experience analysis based on a survey in Pearl River Delta. China Rural Survey, 2011(1):10-19. ]
[22]	李宪印 . 农户人力资本投资与非农收入研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2009.
	[ Li Xianyin . Research on farmer's human capital investment and non-agricultural income. Nanjing, China: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. ]
[23]	刘宏, 毛明海 . 村领导受教育程度对农村居民非农收入的影响: 基于微观数据的实证分析[J]. 中国农村经济, 2015(9):69-79.
	[ Liu Hong, Mao Minghai . The impact of education level of village leaders on the nonfarm income of rural residents: An empirical analysis based on micro data. Chinese Rural Economy, 2015(9):69-79. ]
[24]	Luan D X, Bauer S . Does credit access affect household income homogeneously across different groups of credit recipients? Evidence from rural Vietnam[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016,47:186-203.
[25]	胡宗义, 李佶蔓, 唐李伟 . 农村小额信贷与农村居民收入增长: 基于STAR模型的实证研究[J]. 软科学, 2014,28(4):117-120.
	[ Hu Zongyi, Li Jiman, Tang Liwei . Rural microfinance and rural income growth: An empirical study based on STAR Model. Soft Science, 2014,28(4):117-120. ]
[26]	朱晶, 滕瑜 . 贸易开放对农民非农收入及地区收敛的影响[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2010(4):13-18.
	[ Zhu Jing, Teng Yu . Impact of trade openness of farmers' non-agricultural income and regional convergence. Journal of International Trade, 2010(4):13-18. ]
[27]	Ito J . Economic and institutional reform packages and their impact on productivity: A case study of Chinese township and village enterprises[J]. Journal of Comparative Economics, 2006,34(1):167-190.
[28]	De Janvry A, Sadoulet E, Zhu N . The role of non-farm incomes in reducing rural poverty and inequality in China [R]. CUDARE Working Papers. UC Berkeley, USA: Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2005.
[29]	Liu Y, Beng C S, Li W . Education, experience and productivity of labor in China's township and village enterprises: the case of Jiangsu province[J]. China Economic Review, 1998,9(1):47-58.
[30]	Sun L . Fading out of local government ownership: recent ownership reform in China's township and village enterprises[J]. Economic Systems, 2002,26(3):249-269.
[31]	张车伟, 王德文 . 农民收入问题性质的根本转变: 分地区对农民收入结构和增长变化的考察[J]. 中国农村观察, 2004(1):2-13.
	[ Zhang Juwei, Wang Dewen . Changes of the nature in the problems of farmer's income: An investigation of farmer's income structure and growth by regions. China Rural Survey, 2004(1):2-13. ]
[32]	夏英, 牛若峰 . 中国乡镇企业: 长期发展的问题和选择[J]. 农业经济问题, 2000,21(6):14-19.
	[ Xia Ying, Niu Ruofeng . Township enterprises in China: Problems and choices of long-term development. Problems of Agricultural Economy, 2000,21(6):14-19. ]
[33]	姜法芹 . 乡镇企业的历史发展与特点浅析[J]. 首都师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2003(6):56-58.
	[ Jiang Faqin . A study of the historical development and characteristics of township enterprises. Journal of Capital Normal University (Social Science Edition), 2003(6):56-58. ]
[34]	毛太田, 潘金枝, 付畅俭 . 湖南农民收入增长与城镇化水平关系的面板数据分析[J]. 中国管理科学, 2015,23(S1):701-705.
	[ Mao Taitian, Pan Jinzhi, Fu Changjian . The panel data analysis of the level of Hunan Province urbanization and the growth of the local farmers' income. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2015,23(S1):701-705. ]
[35]	Mincer J A . Schooling, experience and earning[M]. Cambridge, USA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1976: 10-20.
[36]	周振, 张琛, 彭超 , 等. 农业机械化与农民收入: 来自农机具购置补贴政策的证据[J]. 中国农村经济, 2016(2):68-82.
	[ Zhou Zhen, Zhang Chen, Peng Chao , et al. Agricultural mechanization and farmers' income: Evidence from the subsidy policy of agricultural machinery purchase. Chinese Rural Economy, 2016(2):68-82. ]
[37]	程名望, 史清华, Jin Yanhong. 农户收入水平、结构及其影响因素: 基于全国农村固定观察点微观数据的实证分析[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2014(5):3-19.
	[ Cheng Mingwang, Shi Qinghua, Jin Yanhong . Incomes level, structure and its causes. The Journal of Quantitative & Technical Economics, 2014(5):3-19. ]
[38]	刘生龙, 周绍杰 . 基础设施的可获得性与中国农村居民收入增长: 基于静态和动态非平衡面板的回归结果[J]. 中国农村经济, 2011(1):27-36.
	[ Liu Shenglong, Zhou Shaojie . Availability of infrastructure and income growth of rural residents in China: Regression results based on static and dynamic unbalanced panel. Chinese Rural Economy, 2011(1):27-36. ]
[39]	张东辉, 任德晨 . 农民非农收入的影响因素分析及其不平等的分解: 1989 —2006[J]. 福建论坛(人文社会科学版), 2012(2):4-11.
	[ Zhang Donghui, Ren Dechen . An analysis of the influencing factors of farmers' nonfarm income and the decomposition of its inequality: 1989-2006. Fujian Tribune, 2012(2):4-11. ]
[40]	焦敬娟, 王姣娥, 程珂 . 中国区域创新能力空间演化及其空间溢出效应[J]. 经济地理, 2017,37(9):11-18.
	[ Jiao Jingjuan , Wang Jiao'e, Cheng Ke. Spatial-temporal evolution and spillover effects of regional innovation ability in China. Economic Geography, 2017,37(9):11-18. ]
[41]	张芬 . 中国的地区和城乡经济发展差异: 从交通基础设施建设的角度来看[J]. 武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2007,60(1):25-30.
	[ Zhang Fen . China's economic development discrepancy in different regions and that between city and county. Wuhan University Journal (Philosophy & Social Sciences), 2007,60(1):25-30. ]
[42]	杨晓光, 樊杰 . 20世纪90年代中国乡镇企业变革及其地方效应[J]. 地理学报, 2008,63(12):1268-1276.
	[ Yang Xiaoguang, Fan Jie . Transformations and local effects of China's township and village enterprises in the 1990s. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008,63(12):1268-1276. ]

变量	缩写	变量含义	单位
非农产业水平	nonfarm	乡镇企业第二、三产业产值	亿元
乡村居民收入	income	乡村居民纯收入	元/人
城市化进程	urb	城镇人口占比	%
乡村居民受教育水平	edu	乡村居民家庭劳动力初中及以上文化程度占比	%
农业机械化水平	power	农用机械总动力	万kW
耕地面积	land	耕地面积	万hm²
乡村基础设施	infra	乡村用电量	亿kWh
东部	east	东部地区为1	-
中部	mid	中部地区为1	-

变量	均值	最大值	最小值	标准误差
非农产业水平/亿元	9795.3	120810.1	3.6	16626.6
乡村居民收入/(元/人)	4930.2	21191.6	1330.8	3298.5
城市化进程/%	43.2	89.6	11.0	17.7
乡村居民受教育水平/%	64.1	94.7	0.6	15.8
农业机械化水平/万kW	2475.3	12739.8	95.3	2538.7
耕地面积/万hm²	400.64	1183.84	22.99	274.11
农村基础设施/亿kWh	166.9	1801.9	0.3	272.8
东部	0.4	1	0	0.5
中部	0.3	1	0	0.4

变量	东部	中部	西部	全国整体
常数	2.42	3.05^*	3.67^***	3.85^***
非农产业水平	0.49^***	0.23^***	0.20^***	0.37^***
城市化进程	-0.03	-0.15^**	0.08	0.04
乡村居民受教育水平	0.57	-0.78^*	-0.07	-0.02
农业机械化水平	0.47^***	-0.02	0.75^***	0.57^***
耕地面积	-0.66^***	0.09	-0.48^***	-0.55^***
农村基础设施	0.18^***	1.55^***	0.46^***	0.38^***
R²	0.9421	0.9532	0.9216	0.9401
调整 R²	0.9353	0.9584	0.9123	0.9347
P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

年份	常数	非农产业水平	城市化进程	乡村居民受教育水平	农业机械化水平	耕地面积	农村基础设施	东部	中部	R²	调整R²	P值
2000	7.50^***	0.11^***	0.27^***	-0.12	0	-0.18^**	0.06	0.27^**	0.13	0.91	0.88	<0.01
2001	7.81^***	0.09^*	0.20^**	-0.05	-0.01	-0.19^***	0.08	0.26^**	0.15^**	0.93	0.90	<0.01
2002	7.69^***	0.10	0.22^***	-0.04	-0.01	-0.19^***	0.09	0.24^**	0.14^**	0.93	0.91	<0.01
2003	7.75^***	0.11^**	0.25^***	-0.11	-0.01	-0.19^***	0.07	0.24^**	0.13^*	0.93	0.90	<0.01
2004	7.80^***	0.15^**	0.19^**	-0.06	-0.01	-0.18^***	0.02	0.22^*	0.15^*	0.91	0.87	<0.01
2005	6.21^***	0.08^*	0.69^***	-0.17^**	0.02	-0.14^**	0.04	0.15	0.11	0.93	0.91	<0.01
2006	6.05^***	0.07	0.77^***	-0.21^***	0.05	-0.14^**	0.04	0.16	0.13^*	0.93	0.90	<0.01
2007	5.96^***	0.09^*	0.79^***	-0.21^**	0.04	-0.12^*	0.01	0.17	0.13^*	0.93	0.90	<0.01
2008	5.97^***	0.08^*	0.82^***	-0.22^***	0.03	-0.10	0.01	0.17^*	0.14^**	0.93	0.90	<0.01
2009	6.13^***	0.05^**	0.86^***	-0.23^***	0.03	-0.11^*	0.04	0.16	0.14^*	0.92	0.89	<0.01
2010	6.17^***	0.05	0.92^***	-0.29^***	0.04	-0.10	0.03	0.18^*	0.17^**	0.91	0.88	<0.01
2011	5.79^***	0.01^*	1.09^***	-0.33^***	0.08	-0.11	0.05	0.18^*	0.16^**	0.91	0.88	<0.01
2012	5.52^***	-0.02	1.21^***	-0.35^***	0.13	-0.14^*	0.07	0.16	0.15^*	0.90	0.87	<0.01
2013	6.54^***	0.01^*	0.83^***	-0.12	0.07	-0.13	0.06	0.10	0.11	0.88	0.83	<0.01

乡村非农产业时空格局及其对居民收入的影响

Spatiotemporal pattern of rural non-farm sector and its impact on rural residents’ income

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 11

参考文献 42

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	陈卓, 梁宜, 金凤君. 基于陆路综合交通系统的中国城市网络通达性模拟及其对区域发展格局的影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(2): 183-193.
[2]	李小建, 胡雪瑶, 史焱文, 杨慧敏. 乡村振兴下的聚落研究——来自经济地理学视角[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(1): 3-14.
[3]	杨忍, 张菁, 徐茜, 罗秀丽. 城乡融合视角下农村闲置建设用地拆旧复垦的资本化效应——以广东省为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(1): 114-123.
[4]	姜宛贝, 刘卫东, 刘志高, 韩梦瑶. 中国化石能源燃烧碳排放强度非均衡性及其演变的驱动力分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(9): 1425-1435.
[5]	胡国建, 陆玉麒. 基于企业视角的城市网络研究进展、思考和展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(9): 1587-1596.
[6]	朱晟君, 黄永源, 胡晓辉. 多尺度视角下的产业价值链与空间升级研究框架与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(8): 1367-1384.
[7]	杜欣儒, 路紫, 李仁杰, 董雅晴, 高伟. 中国枢纽机场时间延误成本估算与航线影响分析及中美比较[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1160-1171.
[8]	孙婧雯, 马远军, 王振波, 王旭静, 梁龙武. 基于锁定效应的乡村旅游产业振兴路径[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 1037-1046.
[9]	方方, 李裕瑞, 何仁伟. 基于等级合理性和居业协同度的村庄类型识别与振兴路径研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 1060-1072.
[10]	周国华, 张汝娇, 贺艳华, 戴柳燕, 张丽. 论乡村聚落优化与乡村相对贫困治理[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 902-912.
[11]	谭雪兰, 蒋凌霄, 王振凯, 安悦, 陈敏, 任辉. 地理学视角下的中国乡村贫困——源起、进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 913-923.
[12]	黄晗, 李寻欢, 周扬. 中国丘陵山区农村贫困时空格局及其演变机制研究——以江西省于都县为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 938-950.
[13]	刘小鹏, 程静, 赵小勇, 苗红, 魏静宜, 曾端, 马存霞. 中国可持续减贫的发展地理学研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 892-901.
[14]	孙娜, 张梅青. 基于高铁流的中国城市网络结构特征演变研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(5): 727-737.
[15]	杜德林, 王姣娥, 王祎. 中国三大航空公司市场竞争格局及演化研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 367-376.