典型深度贫困县贫困格局及影响因素分析——以海伦市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深度贫困县是实施精准扶贫工作的重点区域,客观分析深度贫困县贫困格局及其影响因素,可以为制定扶贫策略提供科学依据。论文以黑龙江省海伦市为研究区,基于空间分析和数理统计方法,探索以贫困村和贫困人口为核心的贫困格局及其影响因素。结果表明：① 作为深度贫困县,海伦市贫困村和贫困人口均具有不平衡性,贫困村和贫困人口格局既具有关联性,又具有差异性;② 海伦市贫困村集中分布在150~250 m地形过渡地带,呈现多核心带状式分布态势;③ 海伦市贫困人口分布格局是自然因素与人文因素综合作用的结果,自然地理及农业生产、农村基础设施及社会福利因素是直接影响贫困人口分布格局的关键因素。建议从加强农业农村基础设施建设、提升抵御自然灾害能力,加快种植业结构调整和布局优化、提升农村产业发展水平,提升社会保障水平、降低致贫返贫风险,优化居民点体系、推动乡村各类要素的空间重组、结构重塑、功能重调等方面加强精准扶贫和乡村振兴工作。

关键词: 深度贫困县, 贫困村, 贫困格局, 海伦市

Abstract:

Deep poverty-stricken counties are the key areas for targeted poverty alleviation, and objective analysis of the poverty pattern and influencing factors in these areas can provide a scientific basis for developing the tactics of poverty relief. This study applied spatial analysis and mathematical statistics methods to explore the poverty pattern and influencing factors of Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province, by taking poverty villages and poverty population as the focus. The results show that: 1) As a deep poverty-stricken county, Hailun's poverty villages and poverty population are unbalanced, and their spatial patterns are related and different. 2) The poverty villages of Hailun City centralize in the terrain transition zone of 150-250 m, presenting a multi-core zonal distribution pattern. 3) The distribution pattern of poverty population in Hailun results from the joint effects of natural and human factors. Physical geographic conditions, agricultural production, rural infrastructure, and social welfare are key factors. In order to strengthen targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, it is important to strengthen agricultural infrastructure and improve the ability of resisting natural hazards and disasters; accelerate planting structure adjustment and layout optimization and improve rural industrial development level; improve social insurance level and reduce the risks of causing and returning to poverty; optimize settlement system and promote space reorganization, restructuring, and functional readjustment of various key rural factors.

Key words: deep poverty-stricken county, poverty village, poverty pattern, Hailun City

杜国明, 冯悦, 于佳兴. 典型深度贫困县贫困格局及影响因素分析——以海伦市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(1): 69-77.

DU Guoming, FENG Yue, YU Jiaxing. Poverty pattern and influencing factors in typical deep poverty-stricken counties:A case study of Hailun City in Heilongjiang Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(1): 69-77.

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乡镇名称	贫困村个数	行政村个数	贫困村比例/%	贫困村面积/km²	乡镇面积/km²	贫困村面积比例/%	贫困发生率/%	贫困人口密度/(人/km²)
海伦镇	1	3	33.33	7.39	32.45	22.77	7.84	47.77
前进乡	5	15	33.33	50.25	194.52	25.83	14.36	36.37
向荣乡	3	9	33.33	35.80	131.38	27.25	16.72	40.72
长发乡	4	7	57.14	57.43	102.57	55.99	19.45	35.59
东林乡	7	15	46.67	99.51	229.00	43.45	15.78	28.55
东风镇	4	13	30.77	52.13	210.85	24.72	14.29	27.36
海南乡	4	10	40.00	67.61	138.77	48.72	18.36	30.78
共荣乡	5	10	50.00	84.16	155.98	53.96	25.14	32.84
乐业乡	3	9	33.33	32.85	109.31	30.05	9.43	32.37
祥富镇	4	11	36.36	37.25	142.81	26.08	17.56	35.70
海兴镇	5	10	50.00	73.60	158.54	46.42	23.21	31.88
福民乡	4	8	50.00	53.00	113.43	46.72	26.14	37.47
丰山乡	5	10	50.00	71.04	147.61	48.13	33.53	31.43
永富乡	5	14	35.71	100.90	244.37	41.29	21.22	31.36
伦河镇	5	10	50.00	89.88	196.78	45.68	21.53	31.43
百祥乡	4	8	50.00	66.93	136.16	49.16	19.18	25.58
联发乡	0	10	0	0	154.58	0	19.20	30.58
共合镇	5	11	45.45	81.05	174.17	46.53	21.30	35.14
永和乡	3	12	25.00	43.48	180.82	24.05	18.30	36.43
爱民乡	4	10	40.00	58.30	178.88	32.59	17.74	27.65
海北镇	6	17	35.29	101.05	277.95	36.36	18.93	31.65
扎音河乡	5	12	41.67	68.15	156.89	43.44	18.59	32.66
双录乡	5	9	55.56	57.59	150.35	38.30	25.20	31.08
合计	96	243	—	1389.35	3718.17	—	—	—

指标	贫困发生率	贫困村比例	贫困村面积比例	贫困人口密度
贫困发生率	1	0.637^**	0.640^**	0.924^**
		(0.001)	0.001	(<0.001)
贫困村比例	0.637^**	1	0.837^**	0.534^*
	(0.001)		(<0.001)	(0.010)
贫困村面积占乡镇面积比重	0.640^**	0.837^**	1	0.520^*
	(0.001)	(<0.001)		(0.013)
贫困人口密度	0.924^**	0.534^*	0.520^*	1
	(<0.001)	(0.001)	(0.013)

高程带	贫困村个数	不同高程带贫困村个数所占比例/%	贫困村面积/km²	不同高程带贫困村总面积所占比例/%
<150 m	10	10.42	168.25	12.11
150~200 m	53	55.21	769.84	55.41
200~250 m	32	33.33	450.84	32.45
250~300 m	1	1.04	0.42	0.03
合计	96	100	1389.35	100

缓冲区	不同缓冲区贫困村个数所占比例/%	缓冲区贫困村个数累积比例/%	不同缓冲区贫困村总面积/km²
<1 km	56.25	56.25	781.51
1~2 km	13.54	69.79	164.38
2~3 km	4.17	73.96	54.38
3~4 km	9.37	83.33	136.10
4~5 km	6.25	89.58	87.78
>5 km	10.42	100	165.20
合计	100	—	1389.35

一级指标	二级指标
自然地理及农业生产	贫困村平均海拔高度(m)、起伏度(°)、地形坡度(°)、土地经济系数、土地利用系数、土壤酸碱度、黑土层厚(cm)、障碍层距地表深度(cm)、耕地流转面积占耕地面积比重(%)、有效灌溉面积占耕地面积比重(%)、水田化率(%)、设施农业面积占耕地面积比重(%)
经济发展	第一产业贡献率(%)、化肥施用量比率(%)、农用柴油比率(%)、农药使用比率(%)、农村用电量比率(%)、合作社带动能力(农业专业合作经济组织个数/农村总人口, %)
农村基础设施及社会福利	自来水通村率(%)、汽车通村率(%)、电话通村率(%)、通电村数比率(%)、公路通村率(%)、公路里程(km)、农村住房砖瓦化率(%)、农村自来水普及率(%)、农村有线电视入户率(%)、农村养老保险覆盖率(%)、低保覆盖率(%)、城乡基本医疗保险覆盖率(%)