地理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (12): 1890-1902.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.12.006

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

南京市住房困难人群职住关系及影响因素分析

吴翔华1, 陈昕雨1, 袁丰1,*()   

  1. 1. 南京工业大学经济与管理学院,南京211800
    2. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,南京210008
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-27 修回日期:2019-03-22 出版日期:2019-12-28 发布日期:2019-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 袁丰
  • 作者简介:吴翔华(1972— ),男,江苏南京人,研究员,主要从事住房保障与房地产管理研究。E-mail: xianghuaw@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41671133)

Job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties and influencing factors in Nanjing City

WU Xianghua1, CHEN Xinyu1, YUAN Feng1,*()   

  1. 1. School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
    2. Key Laboratory ofWatershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Received:2018-12-27 Revised:2019-03-22 Online:2019-12-28 Published:2019-12-28
  • Contact: YUAN Feng
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671133)

摘要:

居住和就业的空间关系,既是城市居民日常生活的空间反映,也是评判城市空间合理性的重要准则。新就业大学生(取得专科及以上学历且工作未满3 a,在南京无自有住房且租房居住)、外来务工人员(收入低于2016年南京市人均可支配收入4166元/月,在南京无自有住房且租房居住)和中低收入人群(南京户籍,家庭人均可支配收入低于3074元/月,人均住房面积不大于20 m 2)等住房困难人群,普遍面临住房机会不平等的问题,职住关系也呈现出特殊性。论文基于南京市这3类住房困难人群的873份问卷数据,采用两步聚类法对通勤流向模式进行划分,基于多项Logistic回归模型探究通勤时间和通勤方式的影响因素,并以南京鼓楼区为案例解析住房困难人群的职住关系。结果表明:新就业大学生通勤流向主要为内部通勤,通勤时间最短,职住关系受通勤流向和工作单位影响;外来务工人员通勤流向主要为侧向通勤,通勤方式机动化程度最低,职住关系受通勤流向、工作单位和性别显著影响;中低收入人群通勤流向主要为侧向通勤,职住分离程度最高,职住关系主要受到住房类型的显著影响。以鼓楼区为例,论文进一步发现新就业大学生以交通条件为导向、外来务工人员以工作地为导向和中低收入人群以居住地为导向的职住关系。

关键词: 职住关系, 住房困难人群, 多项Logistic回归, 南京

Abstract:

Job-housing relationship is not only a reflection of urban residents' daily activities, but also an important criterion for assessing the quality of urban spatial layout. Since the economic reform of China in 1978, the original system of jobs and housing allocation has undergone considerable changes. Along with economic development and industrial upgrading, suburbanization process of manufacturing industry has taken place. Because of the reform of housing system and the suburbanization of industries in China, urban residents suffer from the impact of spatial mismatch between residence and work. Newly-employed college graduates, migrant workers, and low- and middle-income people often face the problem of unequal housing opportunities as well as unique problems in job-housing relationship. In order to investigate the job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties, this study took 873 questionnaires in Nanjing City and analyzed the job-housing characteristics of people with housing difficulties. A two-step clustering method was employed to examine commuting flow pattern. After clustering, multinomial Logistic regression models were applied to explore the impact factors of commuting time and method. Finally, Gulou District was used as a case to analyze the job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties. The results show that newly-employed college graduates mainly commute within the inner city. Their commuting time is the shortest among the three groups of people with housing difficulties. Their job-housing relationship is affected by commuter flow and work unit. Migrant workers mainly commute outside the inner city. They have the lowest level of commuter motorization. Their job-housing relationship is significantly affected by commuter flow, work unit, and gender. Low- and middle-income people mainly commute outside the inner city, with the highest level of separation of work and residence. Their job-housing relationship is mainly affected by the type of housing. The case of Gulou District further shows that the main characteristics of the job-housing relationship of people with housing difficulties are that newly-employed college graduates prioritize traffic condition considerations, migrant workers prioritize consideration of location of workplace, and low- and middle-income people prioritize consideration of location of residence.

Key words: job-housing relationship, housing difficulties, multinomial Logistic regression, Nanjing City,China