地理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 332-345.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.03.004
收稿日期:
2018-02-23
修回日期:
2019-01-09
出版日期:
2019-03-28
发布日期:
2019-03-28
作者简介:
第一作者简介:孙俊(1985— ),男,云南泸西人,博士,副教授,主要从事历史地理学中的历史民族地理与地理学史方向研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Jun SUN1(), Maolin TANG2, Yujun PAN1, Youde WU1
Received:
2018-02-23
Revised:
2019-01-09
Online:
2019-03-28
Published:
2019-03-28
Supported by:
摘要:
论文从本体论、认识论和方法论3个层面讨论了女性主义地理学观的建构,并说明了女性主义地理学对更新地理学观的意义,以及对当代主流人文地理学思潮的潜在影响。在本体论层面上,女性主义地理学一直直面西方传统社会文化思想中的等级制性别化二元论,建构了主张女性和男性在建构社会及社会空间中具有交互性关系的本体论。在认识论和方法论层面上,女性主义地理学证明了女性及其空间在西方社会中处于弱势的认识论和方法论根源,动摇了实证主义地理学认识论和方法论中永恒性、普遍性、客观性的预设,阐释了地理学认知过程中情感等主观因素的可靠性,并建构了“去中心化”的认识论和方法论框架。无论在本体论还是在认识论和方法论层面上,当前的女性主义地理学主流思潮都有一定的中和性色彩,这一倾向使女性主义地理学在地理学观演进,以及以人文地理学思想为代表的地理学思想演进中,都具有重要的位置。西方女性主义地理学的兴盛,与其直面西方的社会文化思想根源问题不无关联。在中国女性主义地理学开始发展的当下,注重分析中国女性及其空间问题产生的社会文化思想根源,将有助于中国女性主义地理学的发展,并提升其潜在的价值。
孙俊, 汤茂林, 潘玉君, 武友德. 女性主义地理学观及其思想史意义[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(3): 332-345.
Jun SUN, Maolin TANG, Yujun PAN, Youde WU. Feminist views on geography and its role in disciplinary intellectual history[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(3): 332-345.
表1
20世纪以来(人文)地理学主要流派及其演进路径"
流派 | 兴起阶段 | 主要理论及研究取向 | 学术思潮演化路径 |
---|---|---|---|
区域地理学 | 1900年代 | 可能论(或然论),重在区域描述 | 受空间科学流派批评,与新区域主义兴起(1970年代末)有关 |
空间科学 | 1960年代 | 区位分析、计量研究、实证主义,重在空间分析 | 受实证主义影响,基于对区域地理学的批评建构,受各种人文化倾向的后现代地理学流派批评 |
马克思主义地理学 | 1970年代 | 激进地理学、历史唯物主义、辩证法,重在社会-空间不平衡性批评 | 受马克思主义影响,基于对空间科学的批评建构,对女性主义地理学、后殖民主义地理学有重要影响 |
人文主义地理学 | 1980年代 | 现象学、本质论、实用主义,重在地方感建构 | 受现象学影响,基于对空间科学的批评建构,对女性主义地理学、后人文主义地理学、伦理地理学有重要影响 |
结构主义地理学 | 1980年代 | 社会-空间不平衡性、激进地理学、诸种实在论,旨在对社会结构进行解析 | 受马克思主义、结构主义影响,对后结构主义地理学、后殖民主义地理学有重要影响 |
女性主义地理学 | 1980年代 | 性别不平衡性、性别空间理论、质性分析(早期),旨在阐释性别地理,重建性别空间关系 | 受马克思主义地理学、人文主义地理学影响,基于对空间科学的批评建构,对后人文主义地理学、后人类地理学、后殖民主义地理学、伦理地理学等有重要影响 |
后结构主义地理学 | 1990年代 | 多元性、霸权、话语与权力,旨在对社会结构进行解构和重构 | 受马克思主义地理学、结构主义地理学影响,对后殖民主义地理学有重要影响 |
后殖民主义地理学 | 1990年代 | 黑人地理、想象地理,旨在解构西方主导的世界霸权体系及其思想根源 | 受马克思主义地理学、结构主义地理学影响,对本土地理学有重要影响 |
后人文主义地理学 | 1990年代 | 实践地理/非表述理论、精神分析地理,旨在建构人与自然对称关系 | 受人文主义地理学、女性主义地理学影响,对后人类/混合地理学、伦理地理学、本土地理学有重要影响 |
后人类/混合地理学 | 2000年代 | 后现代本体论、行动者网络理论,旨在建构人与自然混合性关系 | 受后人文主义地理学、女性主义地理学影响,对伦理地理学有重要影响 |
伦理地理学 | 2000年代 | 环境伦理、动物伦理、新动物地理学,旨在建构人与地之间的伦理关系 | 受女性主义地理学、后人文主义地理学、后人类/混合地理学影响,对本土地理学有一定影响 |
本土地理学 | 2000年代 | 本土本体论、民族志、参与式研究,旨在建构本土知识的学术和实践话语 | 受人文主义地理学、女性主义地理学、后殖民主义地理学影响,对伦理地理学、后人类/混合地理学有一定影响 |
[1] | McDowell L. 2006. 性别、认同与地方: 女性主义地理学概说 [M]. 徐苔玲, 王志弘, 译. 台北: 群学出版. |
[McDowell L. 2006.Gender, identity and place: Understanding feminist geographies. Translated by Hsu T L, Wang C H. Taibei, China: Socio Publishing. ] | |
[2] |
柴彦威, 翁桂兰, 刘志林. 2003. 中国城市女性居民行为空间研究的女性主义视角[J]. 人文地理, 18(4): 1-4.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2398.2003.04.001 |
[Chai Y W, Weng G L, Liu Z L.2003. Feminisist perspective of spatial behavior studies of Chinese urban females. Human Geography, 18(4): 1-4. ]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2398.2003.04.001 |
|
[3] | 狄克逊D P, 琼斯 J P. 2016. 关于差异、社会关系和建构的女性主义地理学 [M]// 艾特肯 S, 瓦伦丁 G. 人文地理学方法. 柴彦威, 周尚意, 黄茜, 等, 译. 北京: 商务印书馆: 45-58. |
[Dixon D P, Jones J P.2016. Feminist geographies of difference, relation, and construction // Aitken S, Valentine G. Approaches to human geography. Translated by Chai Y W, Zhou S Y, Huang Q, et al. Beijing, China: The Commercial Press: 42-56. ] | |
[4] | 顾朝林, 于涛方, 李平. 2008. 人文地理学流派 [M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社. |
[Gu C L, Yu T F, Li P.2008. The academic schools of human geography. Beijing, China: Higher Education Press. ] | |
[5] |
关美宝. 2013. 超越地理学二元性: 混合地理学的思考[J]. 地理科学进展, 32(9): 1307-1315.
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.09.001 |
[Kwan M-P.2013. Beyond binaries: Reflections on hybrid geographies. Progress in Geography, 32(9): 1307-1315. ]
doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.09.001 |
|
[6] |
何瀚林, 蔡晓梅, 苏晓波. 2016. 国外人文地理学男性气质研究回顾与启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 35(3): 295-303.
doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.03.004 |
[He H L, Cai X M, Su X B.2016. On masculinity studies in Anglo-American human geography. Progress in Geography, 35(3): 295-303. ]
doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.03.004 |
|
[7] |
何嘉明, 周素红, 谢雪梅. 2017. 女性主义地理学视角下的广州女性居民日常出行目的及影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 36(6): 1053-1064.
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201706005 |
[He J M, Zhuo S H, Xie X M.2017. Female residents' daily travel purpose and its influencing factors from the perspective of feminism. Geographical Research, 36(6): 1053-1064. ]
doi: 10.11821/dlyj201706005 |
|
[8] | 金岳霖. 2004. 知识论 [M]. 北京: 商务印书馆. |
[Jin Y L.2004. Knowledge theory. Beijing, China: The Commercial Press. ] | |
[9] |
刘凯, 汤茂林, 刘荣增, 等. 2017. 地理学本体论: 内涵、性质与理论价值[J]. 地理学报, 72(4): 577-588.
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201704002 |
[Liu K, Tang M L, Liu R Z, et al . On the connotation, nature and theoretical value of ontology of geography. Acta Geographica Sinica, 72(4): 577-588. ]
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201704002 |
|
[10] | 马丁. 2008. 所有可能的世界: 地理学思想史 [M]. 4版. 成一农, 译. 上海: 上海人民出版社. |
[Martin J.2008. All possible worlds: A history of geographical ideas. 4th ed. Translated by Cheng Y N. Shanghai, China: Shanghai People's Publishing House. ] | |
[11] | 皮特R. 2007. 现代地理学思想 [M]. 周尚意, 等, 译. 北京: 商务印书馆. |
[Peet R.2007. Modern geographical thought. Translated by Zhou S Y et al. Beijing, China: The Commercial Press. ] | |
[12] |
任泉香, 朱竑, 李鹏. 2007. 近现代中国女性人才的地理分布和区域分异[J]. 地理学报, 62(2): 211-220.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.02.010 |
[Ren Q X, Zhu H, Li P.2007. Geographical distribution and regional differences of female talents in contemporary China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 62(2): 211-220. ]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2007.02.010 |
|
[13] | 孙俊. 2016. 知识地理学: 空间与地方间的叙事转型与重构 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社. |
[Sun J.2016. Geographies of knowledges: Transition and reconstruction of narration from space to place. Beijing, China: Science Press. ] | |
[14] | 孙俊, 潘玉君, 赫维人, 等. 2015. 人文主义地理学与地理学人本传统的复兴[J]. 人文地理, 30(1): 1-8. |
[Sun J, Pan Y J, He W R, et al.The significance of humanistic geography in changing humanistic tradition of geography. Human Geography, 30(1): 1-8. ] | |
[15] |
塔娜, 刘志林. 2017. 西方城市女性时空行为研究的新趋势及其对中国的启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 36(10): 1208-1217.
doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.10.003 |
[Ta N, Liu Z L.2017. Trends of research on women's space-time behavior in Western countries and implications for studies in China. Progress in Geography, 36(10): 1208-1217. ]
doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.10.003 |
|
[16] | 万蕙, 唐雪琼. 2013. 新文化地理学视角下的女性主义地理学研究[J]. 人文地理, 28(1): 26-32. |
[Wan H, Tang X Q.2013. Studies on feminist geography in perspective of new cultural geography. Human Geography, 28(1): 26-32. ] | |
[17] | 姚华松, 黄耿志, 薛德升. 2017. 国内外女性主义地理学研究述评[J]. 人文地理, 32(2): 9-15. |
[Yao H S, Huang G Z, Xue D S.2017. Reviews on feminist geographical studies. Human Geography, 32(2): 9-15. ] | |
[18] | 英格兰K. 2016. 女性主义地理学: 理论、方法论与研究策略 [M]// 艾特肯 S, 瓦伦丁 G. 人文地理学方法. 柴彦威, 周尚意, 黄茜, 等, 译. 北京: 商务印书馆: 297-308. |
[England K.2016. Producing feminist geographies: Theory, methodologies and research strategies // Aitken S, Valentine G. Approaches to human geography. Translated by Chai Y W, Zhou S Y, Huang Q, et al. Beijing, China: The Commercial Press: 297-308. ] | |
[19] | 张华荪. 2005. 蜗行20年: 女性主义地理学在台湾的发展[J]. (台北)地理学报, 42: 25-46. |
[Chang H S.2005. Feminist geography and its sluggish development in Taiwan. Journal of Geographical Science (Taipei, China), 42: 25-46. ] | |
[20] | 周培勤. 2014. 社会性别视角下的人地关系[J]. 人文地理, 29(3): 63-69. |
[Zhou P Q.2014. Man-nature relationships in gender perspective. Human Geography, 29(3): 63-69. ] | |
[21] |
Anderson K.1995. Culture and nature at the Adelaide Zoo: At the frontiers of "human" geography[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 20(3): 275-294.
doi: 10.2307/622652 |
[22] |
Anderson K.2014. Mind over matter? On decentring the human in human geography[J]. Cultural Geographies, 21(1): 3-18.
doi: 10.1177/1474474013513409 |
[23] |
Bondi L.2004. 10th Anniversary Address for a feminist geography of ambivalence[J]. Gender, Place and Culture, 11(1): 3-15.
doi: 10.1080/0966369042000188521 |
[24] | Bowlby S, Lewis J, McDowell L, et al.1989. The geography of gender[M]// Peet R, Thrift N. New models in geography. London, UK: Unwin and Hyman: 157-175. |
[25] |
Caretta M A, Riaño Y.2016. Feminist participatory methodologies in geography: Creating spaces of inclusion[J]. Qualitative Research, 16(3): 258-266.
doi: 10.1177/1468794116629575 |
[26] | Chalmers A F.2013. What is this thing called science? [M]. 4th ed. Cambridge, UK: Hackett Publishing. |
[27] | Cope M.2002. Feminist epistemology in geography[M]// Moss P. Feminist geography in practice: Research and methods. London, UK: Blackwell: 43-56. |
[28] | Cresswell T.2013. Geographic thought: A critical introduction[M]. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. |
[29] |
Curthoys A.2014. Gender in the social sciences[J]. Australian Feminist Studies, 29(2): 115-120.
doi: 10.1080/08164649.2014.930553 |
[30] |
Dias K, Blecha J.2007. Feminism and social theory in geography: An introduction[J]. The Professional Geographer, 59(1): 1-9.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9272.2007.00586.x |
[31] |
Domosh M.2017. Genealogies of race, gender, and place[J]. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107(3): 765-778.
doi: 10.1080/24694452.2017.1282269 |
[32] |
Hanson S.2004. Who are 'we'? An important question for geography's future[J]. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 94(4): 715-722.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.2004.00425.x |
[33] |
Haraway D.1988. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective[J]. Feminist Studies, 14(3): 575-599.
doi: 10.2307/3178066 |
[34] | Haraway D.2008. When species meet [M]. Minneapolis, USA: University of Minnesota Press. |
[35] | Harding S G.1986. The science question in feminism [M]. Cornell, USA: Cornell University Press. |
[36] |
Hayford A M.1974. The geography of women: An historical introduction[J]. Antipode, 6(2): 1-19.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.1985.tb00342.x |
[37] | Henderson G.2009. Place[M]// Gregory D, Johnston R, Pratt G, et al. The dictionary of human geography. 5th ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell: 539-540. |
[38] |
Hiemstra N, Billo E.2017. Introduction to focus section: Feminist research and knowledge production in geography[J]. The Professional Geographer, 69(2): 284-290.
doi: 10.1080/00330124.2016.1208103 |
[39] | Hinchliffe S.2007. Geographies of nature: Societies, environments, ecologies[M]. London, UK: Sage. |
[40] | Hopkins P.2018. Feminist geographies and intersectionality[J]. Gender, Place & Culture, 25(4): 585-590. |
[41] |
Huang S, Monk J, Fortuijn J D, et al.2017. A continuing agenda for gender: The role of the IGU Commission on gender and geography[J]. Gender, Place & Culture, 24(7): 919-938.
doi: 10.1080/0966369X.2017.1343283 |
[42] |
Jenkins F, Keane H.2014. Gender and feminism in the social sciences[J]. Australian Feminist Studies, 29(2): 107-114.
doi: 10.1080/08164649.2014.928189 |
[43] | Johnson L C.2009. Feminism/feminist geography[M]// Kitchen R, Thrift N. International encyclopedia of human geography. Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier: 44-58. |
[44] |
Johnson L C.2016. Gender and sexuality I: Genderqueer geographies?[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 40(5): 668-678.
doi: 10.1177/0309132515592109 |
[45] |
Johnson L C.2018. Gender and sexuality III: Precarious places[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 42(6): 928-936.
doi: 10.1177/0309132517731256 |
[46] |
Johnston R.2006. The politics of changing human geography's agenda: Textbooks and the representation of increasing diversity[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 31(3): 286-303.
doi: 10.1111/tran.2006.31.issue-3 |
[47] | Johnston R, Sidaway J D.2016. Geography and geographers: Anglo-American human geography since 1945[M]. 7th ed. London, UK: Routledge. |
[48] |
Jöns H.2017. Feminizing the university: The mobilities, careers, and contributions of early female academics in the University of Cambridge, 1926-1955[J]. The Professional Geographer, 69(4): 670-682.
doi: 10.1080/00330124.2017.1289778 |
[49] |
Jöns H, Monk J, Keighren I M.2017. Introduction: Toward more inclusive and comparative perspectives in the histories of geographical knowledge[J]. The Professional Geographer, 69(4): 655-660.
doi: 10.1080/00330124.2017.1288572 |
[50] | Keller E F.1985. Reflections on gender and science [M]. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press. |
[51] | Kitchin R.2009. Space II[M]// Kitchin R, Thrift N. International encyclopedia of human geography. Oxford, UK: Elsevier: 59-63. |
[52] |
Kwan M-P.2002. Feminist visualization: Re-envisioning GIS as a method in feminist geographic research[J]. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 92(4): 645-661.
doi: 10.1111/1467-8306.00309 |
[53] |
Lahiri-Dutt K.2017. Thinking 'differently' about a feminist critical geography of development[J]. Geographical Research, 55(3): 326-331.
doi: 10.1111/geor.v55.3 |
[54] | Latour B.1993. We have never been modern [M]. Translated by Catherine P. Harvard, M.A.: Harvard University Press. |
[55] |
Lawson V.1995. The politics of difference: Examining the quantitative/qualitative dualism in post-structuralist feminist research[J]. The Professional Geographer, 47(4): 449-457.
doi: 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1995.00449.x |
[56] | Livingstone D N.1992. The geographical tradition: Episodes in the history of a contested enterprise[M]. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. |
[57] | Maddrell A.2009. Complex locations: Women's geographical work in the UK 1850-1970[M]. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. |
[58] | Maddrell A.2012. Treasuring classic texts, engagement and the gender gap in the geographical canon[J]. Dialogues in Human Geography, 3(4): 324-327. |
[59] |
Maddrell A, Strauss K, Thomas N Jet al.2016. Mind the gap: Gender disparities still to be addressed in UK higher education geography[J]. Area, 48(1): 48-56.
doi: 10.1111/area.12223 |
[60] | Massey D.1994. Space, place and gender [M]. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. |
[61] |
Mayhew R J.2004. Commentary 1. Classics in human geography revisited (the geographical tradition)[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 28(2): 227-234.
doi: 10.1177/0309132513477336 |
[62] | Mayhew R J.2011. Geographies genealogies[M]// Livingstone D N and Agnew J. Handbook of geographical knowledge. London, UK: Sage: 21-38. |
[63] | McDowell L.1989. Women, gender and the organisation of space[M]// Gregory D, Walford R. Horizons in human geography. London, UK: Macmillan: 136-151. |
[64] |
McDowell L.1992. Doing gender: Feminism, feminists and research methods in human geography[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 17(4): 399-416.
doi: 10.2307/622707 |
[65] |
McDowell L.1993a. Space, place and gender relations: Part I. Feminist empiricism and the geography of social relations[J]. Progress in Human geography, 17(2): 157-179.
doi: 10.1177/030913259301700202 |
[66] |
McDowell L.1993b. Space, place and gender relations: Part II. Identity, difference, feminist geometries and geographies[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 17(3): 305-318.
doi: 10.1177/030913259301700301 |
[67] | McDowell L.1997. Undoing place? A geographical reader[M]. London, UK: Arnold. |
[68] | McDowell L.1999. Feminist geography[M]// McDowell L, Sharp J P. A feminist glossary of human geography. London, UK: Arnold: 90-93. |
[69] | McDowell L, Sharp J P.1999. A feminist glossary of human Geography[M]. London, UK: Arnold. |
[70] |
McLafferty S L.2002. Mapping women's worlds: Knowledge, power and the bounds of GIS[J]. Gender, Place and Culture, 9(3): 263-269.
doi: 10.1080/0966369022000003879 |
[71] | Milton E H, Holly B P.2014. Paradigm, philosophy and geographic thought[M]// Milton E H, Holly B P. Themes in geographic thought. London, UK: Routledge: 11-37. |
[72] | Mohammad R.2017. Feminist geography[M]// Richardson D, Castree N, Goodchild M, et al. International encyclopedia of geography: People, the earth, environment and technology. New York: Wiley-Blackwell: 1-12. |
[73] | Mollett S, Faria C.2018. The spatialities of intersectional thinking: Fashioning feminist geographic futures[J]. Gender, Place & Culture, 25(4): 565-577. |
[74] |
Monk J.2017. Washington women: Practicing geography in the U.S. government, 1915-1970s[J]. The Professional Geographer, 69(4): 683-693.
doi: 10.1080/00330124.2017.1289782 |
[75] |
Monk J, Hanson S.1982. On not excluding half of the human in human geography[J]. The Professional Geographer, 34(1): 11-23.
doi: 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1982.00011.x |
[76] | Moss P.2005. A bodily notion of research: Power, difference, and specificity in feminist methodology[M]// Nelson L, Seager J. A companion to feminist geography. Oxford, UK: Blackwell: 41-59. |
[77] | Nayak A, Jeffrey A.2013. Geographical thought: An introduction to ideas in human geography[M]. London, UK: Routledge. |
[78] | Nelson L, Seager J.2005. A companion to feminist geography[M]. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. |
[79] |
Ortner S B.1972. Is female to male as nature is to culture?[J]. Feminist Studies, 1(2): 5-31.
doi: 10.2307/3177638 |
[80] | Pateman C.1989. The disorder of women: Democracy, feminism and political theory [M]. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. |
[81] |
Pattison W D.1964. The four traditions of geography[J]. Journal of Geography, 63(5): 211-216.
doi: 10.1080/00221349008979196 |
[82] | Pawson E.1992. Two New Zealands: Māori and European II// Anderson K, Gayle F. Inventing places studies in cultural geography[M]. London, UK: Longman Cheshire: 15-33. |
[83] | Philo C.2017. Theory and methods: Critical essays in human geography[M]. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. |
[84] |
Pile S.1994. Masculinism, the use of dualistic epistemologies and third spaces[J]. Antipode, 26(3): 255-277.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.1994.tb00251.x |
[85] | Pollock G.1996. Generations & geographies in the visual arts: Feminist readings[M]. London, UK: Routledge. |
[86] | Pratt G.2009a. Feminism[M]// Gregory D, Johnston R, Pratt G, et al. The dictionary of human geography. 5th ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell: 243-244. |
[87] | Pratt G.2009b. Feminist geographies[M]// Gregory D, Johnston R, Pratt G, et al. The dictionary of human geography [M]. 5th ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell: 244-248. |
[88] |
Richardson L.2018. Feminist geographies of digital work[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 42(2): 244-263.
doi: 10.1177/0309132516677177 |
[89] | Rose G.1993. Feminism and geography: The limits of geographical knowledge [M]. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. |
[90] |
Rose G.1997. Situating knowledges: Positionality, reflexivities and other tactics[J]. Progress in human geography, 21(3): 305-320.
doi: 10.1191/030913297673302122 |
[91] |
Ruddick S.1996. Constructing difference in public spaces: Race, class, and gender as interlocking systems[J]. Urban Geography, 17(2): 132-151.
doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.17.2.132 |
[92] | Sibley D.1995. Geographies of exclusion: Society and difference in the West[M]. London, UK: Routledge. |
[93] |
Sidaway J.1997. The (re)making of the western "geographical tradition": Some missing links[J]. Area, 29(1): 72-80.
doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4762.1997.tb00008.x |
[94] | Stoddart D R.1986. On geography and its history[M]. London, UK: Blackwell. |
[95] | Thien D.2009. Feminist methodologies[M]// Kitchin R, Thrift N. International encyclopedia of human geography. Oxford, UK: Elsevier: 59-63. |
[96] | Thomas W L.1958. Man's role in changing the face of the earth [M]. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. |
[97] |
Valentine G.2007. Theorizing and researching intersectionality: A challenge for feminist geography[J]. The Professional Geographer, 59(1): 10-21.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9272.2007.00587.x |
[98] | Weisman L K.1992. Discrimination by design: A feminist critique of the man-made Environment [M]. Urbana, USA: University of Illinois Press. |
[99] | Whatmore S.1999. Hybrid geographies: Rethinking the 'human' in human geography [M]// Massey D B, Allen J, Sarre P. Human geography today. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press: 22-39. |
[100] | Whatmore S.2002. Hybrid geographies: Natures, cultures, spaces[M]. London, UK: Sage. |
[101] |
Withers C W J.2018. Trust- in geography[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 42(4): 489-508.
doi: 10.1177/0309132516688078 |
[102] | Women and Geography Study Group (with Institute of British Geographers). 1984. Geography and gender: An introduction to feminist geography[M]. London, UK: Hutchinson. |
[103] | Women and Geography Study Group (with the Institute of British Geographers). 1997. Feminist geographies: Explorations in diversity and difference[M]. Harlow, UK: Longman. |
[104] |
Zelinsky W.1973. Women in geography: A brief factual account[J]. The Professional Geographer, 25(2): 151-165.
doi: 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1973.00151.x |
[1] | 叶超, 尹梁明, 殷清眉, 徐建华. 地理学是一门脆弱的学科吗?——哈佛大学撤销地理系事件及其反思[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(3): 312-319. |
[2] | 塔娜, 刘志林. 西方城市女性时空行为研究的新趋势及其对中国的启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(10): 1208-1217. |
[3] | 孙俊, 潘玉君, 武友德, 孟雪梅. 地理学编史方法论:从实证主义到思想史[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013, 32(12): 1845-1860. |
|