高速公路流的距离衰减模式与空间分异特征——基于福建省高速公路收费站数据的实证研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.08.008

地理科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1086-1095.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.08.008

高速公路流的距离衰减模式与空间分异特征——基于福建省高速公路收费站数据的实证研究

陈卓^1,^2,³(), 金凤君^1,², 杨宇^1,^2,^*(), 王伟^1,^2,³

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3. 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京 100875

收稿日期:2017-09-25 修回日期:2018-07-31 出版日期:2018-09-04 发布日期:2018-09-04
通讯作者: 杨宇
作者简介:
作者简介：陈卓(1991-),男,河南安阳人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为交通运输地理,E-mail: chenz.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41771134);交通部战略规划政策项目(2017-14-14)

Distance-decay pattern and spatial differentiation of expressway flow: An empirical study using data of expressway toll station in Fujian Province

Zhuo CHEN^1,^2,³, Fengjun JIN^1,², Yu YANG^1,^2,^*(), Wei WANG^1,^2,³

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2017-09-25 Revised:2018-07-31 Online:2018-09-04 Published:2018-09-04
Contact: Yu YANG
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41771134;Project of Transportation Strategic Planning Policy, No.2017-14-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

交通流是社会经济空间联系的直观反映,其距离衰减规律对空间秩序的形成与演化意义重大。利用2016年10月份的福建省高速公路收费站数据,以县区为基本单位,识别高速公路流O-D矩阵;在此基础上,利用空模型法模拟省和县区2个尺度上高速公路流的距离衰减规律,并结合空间分析和相关分析法,探讨高速公路流距离衰减规律的空间分异特征与规律。结果显示,①高速公路流主要集中在0~200 km与0~200 min区段,较好地契合了公路运输的经济半径与交通流的时空断裂特征;②省域层面上,高速公路流随距离的增加有显著的衰减趋势,当采用路网距离、幂律型衰减函数时,距离衰减系数为2.674,显著高于常规所选数值2;③不同县区高速公路流的距离衰减速度在空间上呈显著的圈层模式,与高速公路流的空间分布形成较好的耦合关系;④距离衰减规律内生于社会经济空间联系格局,不仅影响空间秩序的形成与演化,也会受空间秩序演化的影响,一定条件下,节点的对外社会经济空间联系强度会随节点规模、人口与经济密度的提高以及区位条件的优化形成自我加速的反馈过程,形成循环累积效应。

关键词: 高速公路流, 距离衰减, 空间分异, 空模型法, 相关分析, 福建省

Abstract:

As the basic law of geography, the law of distance-decay is of great significance to the formation and evolution of spatial order. Using the data of Fujian expressway toll stations in October 2016, an expressway flow origin-destination matrix was identified with county areas as the basic unit. Cumulative proportion curve, spectrum analysis, and null model were used to simulate the distance-decay effect of expressway flow on the provincial and county scales. Then, combining spatial analysis and correlation analysis, the spatial differentiation characteristics and the distance-decay effect of expressway flow were discussed. The results show that: (1) The expressway flow is mainly concentrated in the 0~200 km and 0~200 min sections, which is in line with the economic radius of road transportation and the temporal and spatial fracture characteristics of traffic flow. (2) The expressway flow has a significant decreasing tendency on the provincial scale with the increase of distance. When using the road distance and power-law decay function, the distance decay coefficient is 2.674, which is significantly higher than the conventional value of 2. (3) The distance-decay rates of the expressway flow in different counties show a clear zonal pattern, corresponding well with the spatial distribution of expressway flow. (4) The law of distance-decay not only influences the evolution of spatial order, but also is influenced by the evolution of spatial order, and it is endogenous to the spatial patterns of socioeconomic activities. Under certain conditions, the strength of socioeconomic spatial connections will form a self accelerating feedback process with the increase of node size, population, and economic density, and the optimization of location conditions.

Key words: expressway flow, distance-decay, spatial differentiation, null model, correlation analysis, Fujian Province

陈卓, 金凤君, 杨宇, 王伟. 高速公路流的距离衰减模式与空间分异特征——基于福建省高速公路收费站数据的实证研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(8): 1086-1095.

Zhuo CHEN, Fengjun JIN, Yu YANG, Wei WANG. Distance-decay pattern and spatial differentiation of expressway flow: An empirical study using data of expressway toll station in Fujian Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(8): 1086-1095.

图/表 10

图1

表1

常见距离衰减函数形式"

模式	函数
指数型	$f d ij = exp - β d ij β > 0$
幂律型	$f d ij = d ij - β β > 0$
高斯型	$f d ij = d ij - β d ij 2 β > 0$
指数截断幂律型	$f d ij = exp - α d ij d - β β > 0$
对数正态型	$f d ij = exp - β ln d ij 2 β > 0$
平方指数型	$f d ij = exp - β d ij 2 β > 0$
平方根指数型	$f d ij = exp - β d ij 0.5 β > 0$

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

距离衰减函数模拟"

距离类型	衰减函数模式	β/α	R²	函数
路网距离	幂律型	2.674^*	0.642	$f d = 318061.5 d - 2.674$
	指数型	0.010^*	0.580	$f d = 2.602 exp (- 0.01 d)$
	高斯型	5.25E-05^*	0.644	$f d = 737.87 d - 5.25 E - 05 d 2$
	指数截断幂律型	3.206^/-0.002^	0.644	$f d = 3016368 e 0.002 d d - 3.206$
	对数正态型	0.253^*	0.638	$f d = 298.38 exp - 0.253 ln d 2$
	平方指数型	1.54E-05^*	0.479	$f d = 0.536 exp - 1.54 E - 05 d 2$
	平方根指数型	0.361^*	0.622	$f d = 44.47 exp - 0.361 d$
时间距离	幂律型	3.001^*	0.619	$f d = 2234129 d - 3.001$
	指数型	0.011^*	0.565	$f d = 3.294 exp (- 0.011 d)$
	高斯型	5.37E-05^*	0.625	$f d = 752.27 d - 5.37 E - 05 d 2$
	指数截断幂律型	3.784^/-0.003^	0.621	$f d = 67356300 e 0.003 d d - 3.784$
	对数正态型	0.279^*	0.615	$f d = 735.43 exp - 0.279 ln d 2$
	平方指数型	1.6E-05^*	0.476	$f d = 0.585 exp - 1.6 E - 05 d 2$
	平方根指数型	0.388^*	0.601	$f d = 77.04 exp - 0.388 d$

表2

图5

图6

图7

表3

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N=67	规模	密度	区位	R²	F统计量
系数(Coefficients)	-0.048	-0.113	0.266	0.575	27.09
P-value	0.037	0.015	0.041	0.575	27.09

高速公路流的距离衰减模式与空间分异特征——基于福建省高速公路收费站数据的实证研究

Distance-decay pattern and spatial differentiation of expressway flow: An empirical study using data of expressway toll station in Fujian Province

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