两种自动基流分割方法在干旱半干旱地区的对比研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.07.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基流是河川径流的重要组成部分。在干旱半干旱地区,基流对于维持水源的稳定性及持续性、确定河流生态需水等方面具有重要作用。因此,基流分割结果的准确性至关重要。本文以黄河流域上游小流域为研究区,分别使用滑动最小值法和数字滤波法对典型年进行基流分割,然后用数字滤波法对1980-2014年日均径流进行基流分割,并分析基流的变化趋势。研究表明,数字滤波法在干旱半干旱地区具有较好的应用效果,滑动最小值法分割的基流结果偏小;在特定研究区的参数难以确定时,应结合两种方法的优点确定最佳的基流分割方案。研究区1980-2014年的平均基流指数为0.69,高于全国平均值0.26、西北诸河区的0.57及黄河区的0.43;趋势分析显示,研究区的年径流、基流、BFI的增长幅度分别为0.086 (m³/s)/10a、0.169 (m³/s)/10a、0.038/10a。MK趋势检验结果显示,年径流未通过10%的显著性检验,增长趋势不明显;基流和BFI分别通过了2.5%和1%的显著性检验,增长趋势显著。

关键词: 干旱半干旱地区, 自动基流分割, 滑动最小值法, 数字滤波法, 基流指数

Abstract:

Baseflow is a crucial component of streamflow. In the arid and semi-arid region, baseflow plays an important role in maintaining the stability and sustainability of the river flow and determining the ecological water requirement. Therefore, the results of baseflow separation are of great importance. In our research, a typical drainage basin located in the upstream of the Yellow River region was taken as the study area. Considering runoff in several typical years, we used smoothed minima and determined the parameters of digital filtering. Then we used digital filtering for baseflow separation using the data from 1980-2014 and analyzed the trend of baseflow. The results show that digital filtering performed better in the arid and semi-arid region and the results gained from smoothed minima indicate lower baseflow values. In areas where the parameters are difficult to determine, baseflow estimation should take advantage of both methods. The average BFI of the study area from 1980 to 2014 was 0.69, which was greater than the national average (0.26), BFI of the rivers in northwestern China (0.57), and BFI of the Yellow River region (0.43). Trend analysis shows that the increase of annual flow, baseflow, and BFI was 0.086 (m³/s)/10a, 0.169 (m³/s)/10a, and 0.038/10a. MK trend test results show that the growth of annual flow was not obvious because it did not pass the significance test of 90%; baseflow and BFI showed significant positive trends for they had passed the significance test of 97.5% and 99% respectively.

Key words: arid and semi-arid regions, automatic baseflow separation, smoothed minima, digital filtering, baseflow index

李瑞, 张士锋. 两种自动基流分割方法在干旱半干旱地区的对比研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(7): 864-872.

Rui LI, Shifeng ZHANG. Comparative study on two automatic baseflow separation methods in the arid and semi-arid regions[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(7): 864-872.

图/表 11

图1

图2

表1

图3

表2

数字滤波法2012年基流分割结果"

滤波次数	$β$ =0.80			$β$ =0.90			$β$ =0.925				$β$ =0.95				$β$ =0.975
滤波次数	1		2	3		1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
最大基流/(m³/s)	9.45	7.49	6.81	8.45	6.60	5.73	8.16	6.23	6.23		7.26	5.69	5.07		6.08	4.91	4.02
最小基流/(m³/s)	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85		0.85	0.85	0.85		0.85	0.85	0.85
平均基流/(m³/s)	3.16	2.95	2.81	3.03	2.76	2.58	2.98	2.67	2.68		2.89	2.54	2.30		2.71	2.24	1.89
BFI	0.89	0.83	0.79	0.85	0.77	0.72	0.84	0.75	0.69		0.81	0.71	0.64		0.76	0.63	0.53

表2

表3

数字滤波法和滑动最小值法BFI比较"

数字滤波法																				滑动最小值法
		$β$ =0.80				$β$ =0.90				$β$ =0.925				$β$ =0.95				$β$ =0.975
	1			2		3		1		2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
2011年	0.89	0.83	0.80		0.86	0.78	0.74		0.84	0.76	0.71		0.82	0.73	0.67		0.77	0.66	0.59	0.77
2012年	0.89	0.83	0.79		0.85	0.77	0.72		0.84	0.75	0.69		0.81	0.71	0.64		0.76	0.63	0.53	0.79
2013年	0.91	0.86	0.82		0.88	0.81	0.75		0.86	0.78	0.72		0.83	0.73	0.68		0.77	0.67	0.61	0.83
2014年	0.86	0.80	0.76		0.83	0.75	0.70		0.81	0.72	0.68		0.78	0.69	0.64		0.74	0.63	0.57	0.73

表3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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