基于改进潜能模型的县域小学空间可达性研究——以湖北省仙桃市为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空间可达性是评价教育设施布局合理性的重要指标,而潜能模型是度量教育设施空间可达性的重要方法。本文在引入学校服务能力因子的基础上,综合考虑学校服务能力等级影响和居民极限出行时间构建就学影响因子,对潜能模型加以改进。通过以湖北省仙桃市为典型县域单元的案例研究,结果表明：①村级居民点尺度,乡镇中心和高等级公路沿线居民点的小学空间可达性普遍较高,并按照一定的半径范围呈距离衰减过程,而乡镇毗邻地区居民点的小学空间可达性相对较差;②乡镇(街道)尺度,可达性较高的乡镇(街道)主要分布在沿G318的北部地区,且城乡间、主城区与城郊的小学空间可达性均存在一定差距;③改进潜能模型能合理地评价各农村居民聚落点和各乡镇的小学空间可达性,当摩擦系数β取值为2时,能更为准确地揭示农村居民所能获取的教育资源,为相关部门决策提供科学依据。

关键词: 改进潜能模型, 空间可达性, 县域, 小学, 仙桃市, 湖北省

Abstract:

Spatial accessibility is an important index to evaluate the configuration of educational facilities, and potential model is an important method to measure the accessibility of educational facilities. This study improved the potential model from two aspects: by introducing the factor of primary school service ability, and constructing the school influence factor by considering the influence of schools with different grades of service capability and local residents' travel time limit. Based on the data of Xiantao City in Hubei Province by the end of 2010 on primary schools, residents, traffic network, and so on, the improved potential model was applied to assess the variation of spatial accessibility to primary schools in Xiantao City. The results show that: (1) At the village-level settlement scale, the spatial accessibility of primary schools for the residents is universally high at township centers and along transport corridors, and shows a distance attenuation effect at certain radius, but the spatial accessibility of primary schools at settlements between townships is relatively low. (2) At the township scale, the towns with higher spatial accessibility are mainly distributed in the northern area along the G318 road. (3) The improved potential model could reasonably evaluate the spatial accessibility of primary schools in each rural settlement and township. Also, when the value of friction coefficient (β) is set as 2, the educational resources available for rural residents can be reflected more accurately, and this provides a reference for the decision making by relevant government departments.

Key words: improved potential model, spatial accessibility, county level, primary school, Xiantao City, Hubei Province

汤鹏飞, 向京京, 罗静, 陈国磊. 基于改进潜能模型的县域小学空间可达性研究——以湖北省仙桃市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(6): 697-708.

Pengfei TANG, Jingjing XIANG, Jing LUO, Guolei CHEN. Spatial accessibility analysis of primary schools at the county level based on the improved potential model:A case study of Xiantao City, Hubei Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(6): 697-708.

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类别	变量	指标	权重（w_t）
师资队伍	X₁	教职工数/人	0.136
	X₂	专任教师数/人	0.139
	X₃	中级及以上教师人数/人	0.221
学校容量	X₄	学生数/人	0.173
	X₅	班级数/个	0.076
	X₆	校园面积/亩	0.102
硬件设施	X₇	教学辅助用房面积/hm²	0.022
	X₈	图书册数/千册	0.080
	X₉	计算机台数/台	0.051

A_i	式(2)			式(3)
A_i	β=1		β=2	β=1	β=2
<0.001	0.000	0.000		17.620	29.060
0.001~0.010	0.000	18.860		26.280	28.440
0.010~0.100	93.660	68.010		52.400	35.860
0.110~0.200	5.880	6.960		2.940	4.640
0.210~0.300	0.160	3.550		0.620	1.390
0.310~0.400	0.000	1.080		0.000	0.310
0.410~0.500	0.150	0.770		0.000	0.000
0.510~1.000	0.150	0.620		0.150	0.310
>1.000	0.000	0.150		0.000	0.000
最大值	0.532	1.157		0.565	0.635
最小值	0.023	0.003		0.000	0.000
标准差	0.036	0.095		0.041	0.057