空间管治视角下京津冀协同发展类型区划

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

京津冀协同发展的核心是基于问题导向和底线思维,打破行政区划,在更大区域尺度上优化资源配置,实现区域整体发展目标。因此,从优化空间规划体系的高度,开展京津冀区域协同发展的类型区划和类型区管理,实现分区施策的精细化管治极为重要。本文首先立足于京津冀区域发展差异,利用空间属性双聚类的方法将京津冀划分为中部核心功能引领区、东部沿海重点发展区、南部门户功能拓展区、西部和北部生态涵养保护区等四大区域;然后以区县为最小分析单元,从现状开发强度、用地增量预测和生态保护责任等三大维度构建类型划分指标体系,并利用三维空间坐标划分方法将京津冀划分为五大类型区,即：城镇优化发展区、城镇重点拓展区、现代农业发展区、适度建设发展区和严格生态保护区;最后,在空间管治视角下提出京津冀区域分区管治与区域协同管理的建议。

关键词: 类型区划, 空间属性双聚类, 三维坐标划分, 空间管治, 京津冀

Abstract:

The core of collaborative development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is problem-oriented, aiming at breaking the administrative boundaries and optimizing the allocation of resources on a larger regional scale, thus realizing the overall regional development goals. As a consequence, it is crucial to carry out spatial development regionalization and implement targeted local governance according to the needs of modernizing regional spatial governance system and from the perspective of improving the spatial planning system. On the basis of regional development differentiation, this study conducted cluster analysis based on spatial and attribute constraints to divide the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region into four subregions, that is, the central core function development region, eastern coastal key development region, southern gateway function development region, and northern and western ecological conservation region. This study further used districts and counties as the basic unit of analysis and constructed a classification index system at the micro spatial scale, considering the status quo of development intensity, urban construction land increment forecast, and ecological protection responsibility. The status quo of development intensity is composed of population density, construction density, input density, and output density. Ecological protection responsibility mainly incorporates restricted construction area and limited construction area. Urban construction land increment forecast is determined by elements including natural, socioeconomic, transportation, planning factors, and so on. With the aid of a three-dimensional coordinate classification method, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region can be divided into five typological divisions at the district and county levels, namely, urban optimized development area, urban key development area, modern agriculture development area, limited and moderate development area, strict ecological reserve area. Corresponding to the above analysis, this article puts forward policy recommendations on spatial governance: (1) Emphasizing the fundamental role of the market in resource allocation and improved regional development; (2) Mediating the contradiction between development and protection, building up a mechanism of sharing benefits and the burden of risks.

Key words: regionalization, cluster analysis with spatial and attribute constraints, 3D coordinates classification, spatial governance, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

黄金川, 林浩曦, 漆潇潇. 空间管治视角下京津冀协同发展类型区划[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(1): 46-57.

Jinchuan HUANG, Haoxi LIN, Xiaoxiao QI. Spatial development regionalization of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from the perspective of spatial governance[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(1): 46-57.

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一级指标	二级指标	三级指标
现状开发强度	人口密度	单位面积城镇人口/(万人/km²)
	建设强度	城镇建设用地面积/km²
	建设强度	人均城镇建设用地面积/(m²/人)
	投资强度	单位面积固定资产投资/(万元/km²)
	产出强度	单位面积地区生产总值/(万元/km²)
生态保护责任	不适宜建设区面积	重要生态功能区(主要保护地)面积/km²
		生态敏感区(水源涵养区、水土保持) 面积/km²
		生态脆弱区(农牧交错带)面积/km²
		其他各类保护地面积/km²
		主要河流、大型输水干渠、湖泊、滩涂湿地、一二级林地面积/km²
		集中连片的基本农田面积/km²
		坡度大于25°的山地面积/km²
		地震设防区、采空塌陷区面积/km²
		三级、四级林地及草地面积/km²
		河流的缓冲带、输水干渠的二级保护区及盐田面积/km²
	限制开发区面积	蓄滞洪区面积/km²
		地下水严重超采区面积/km²
		地面沉降高易发区面积/km²
		坡度大于15°的山地面积/km²
		地下水一般超采区面积/km²
		地面沉降中低易发区面积/km²
		地裂缝设防区面积/km²
城镇建设预期	自然要素	高度/m
		坡度/°
		与河流湖泊距离/km
	社会经济要素	与城镇建设用地距离/km
		与农村居民点距离/km
		人口总数/万人
	交通要素	与国道、省道、县道、乡镇道路等距离/km
		与火车站距离/km
		与高速出入口距离/km
		与港口码头距离/km
		与机场距离/km
		与汽车客运站距离/km
	规划要素	与开发区距离/ km
	规划要素	与土地利用规划管控区距离/km
	邻域要素	邻域内的开发强度/%

城市	国土面积/km²	城镇建设用地面积/km²	开发强度/%	城镇建设用地增量预测/km²	占预测总面积比例/%	不适宜建设区面积/km2	占不适宜建设区总面积比例/%	限制开发区面积/km²	占限制开发区总面积比例/%
北京市	16578	2740	16.5	448	11.7	10791	9.5	3509	5.2
天津市	11719	1640	14.0	637	16.6	5710	5.0	2598	3.8
保定市	24333	949	3.9	778	20.3	9974	8.8	7477	11.1
沧州市	14069	927	6.6	194	5.1	6576	5.8	5097	7.5
承德市	39513	309	0.8	27	0.7	18462	16.3	18368	27.2
邯郸市	12099	511	4.2	122	3.2	6521	5.7	2111	3.1
衡水市	9020	425	4.7	223	5.8	3649	3.2	3556	5.3
廊坊市	5714	631	11.0	465	12.1	2179	1.9	2093	3.1
秦皇岛市	7587	323	4.3	121	3.2	3640	3.2	2287	3.4
石家庄市	15950	935	5.9	243	6.3	9111	8.0	2976	4.4
唐山市	14435	956	6.6	280	7.3	7675	6.8	2672	4.0
邢台市	12810	565	4.4	88	2.3	7434	6.5	3346	4.9
张家口市	36716	529	1.4	217	5.6	21820	19.2	11520	17.0
总计	220543	11441	5.2	3841	100.0	113542	100.0	67611	100.0

协同发展类型区	国土面积/km²	占比/%	城镇建设用地面积/km²	开发强度/%	不适宜建设区面积/km²	占比/%	限制开发区面积/km2	占比/%
城镇优化发展区	18661	8.5	4029	21.6	4737	4.5	4385	6.0
城镇重点拓展区	25292	11.5	2350	9.3	4449	4.2	10399	14.1
现代农业发展区	39169	17.8	1355	3.5	16492	15.7	12163	16.5
适度建设发展区	60706	27.5	1694	2.8	23391	22.3	31004	42.1
严格生态保护区	76714	34.8	2013	2.6	55992	53.3	15608	21.2
总计	220542	100.0	11441	5.2	105061	100.0	73559	100.0