基于农户视角的耕地细碎化程度评价——以湖北省“江夏区—咸安区—通山县”为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.09.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农户是耕地最主要的经营主体,基于农户视角构建耕地细碎化程度评价指标体系更为合理。本文选取湖北省“江夏区—咸安区—通山县”作为研究区域,采用改进的TOPSIS法,利用农户问卷调查数据,对耕地细碎化程度评价进行了实证研究。结果表明：①耕地细碎化程度衡量指标的选取应基于耕地细碎化的属性特征,从农户微观视角,选取地块平均面积、地块数量、地块间的平均距离3个指标,衡量某一区域的耕地细碎化程度;②耕地细碎化在岗地平原地区与低山丘陵地区间存在显著差异,岗地平原地区的耕地细碎化程度低于低山丘陵地区;③研究区域地形地貌呈现出“北部岗地平原—南部低山丘陵”的分布特征,耕地细碎化的综合程度基本上呈现出“北部低—南部高”的分布规律;④在不同经济发展水平地区耕地细碎化存在显著差异,在岗地平原地区,经济发展水平越高的地区,耕地细碎化程度越高;而在低山丘陵地区,经济发展水平越高的地区,耕地细碎化程度越低。

关键词: 耕地细碎化, 农户, 评价指标, TOPSIS法, 湖北省

Abstract:

Farmers are the most important actors of economic activities and the most basic decision-making units in rural China and the main managers of cultivated land, and therefore it is important to examine cultivated land fragmentation degree based on farmers' perspective. This study used average distance between parcels to characterize the spatial distribution of parcels, and developed an evaluation indicator system of cultivated land fragmentation degree. Taking Jiangxia District, Xian'an District, and Tongshan County in Hubei Province as cases, the improved TOPSIS method was employed to evaluate cultivated land fragmentation degree based on data from a farming household sampling survey. The results are as follows. (1) Selection of indicators of cultivated land fragmentation should be based on the characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation, that is, the area, number, and distribution of land parcels. Therefore, average area of parcels, number of parcels, and average distance between parcels were selected to measure the degree of cultivated land fragmentation. (2) There were significant differences in cultivated land fragmentation between hillock and plain area and low mountain and hilly area. The average area of parcels in the hillock and plain area in the north of the study area was larger than that in the low mountain and hilly area in the south. The number of parcels in the hillock and plain area was more than that in the low mountain and hilly area; the average distance between parcels or the average distance from parcels to home in the hillock and plain area was shorter than that in the low mountain and hilly area; and cultivated land fragmentation degree in the hillock and plain area was lower than that in the low mountain and hilly area. (3) Due to the difference in landform in the study area, cultivated land fragmentation degree showed a general pattern of low in the northern hillock and plain area and high in the southern low mountain and hilly area. (4) Cultivated land fragmentation showed significant differences in areas with different economic development level. In the hillock and plain area, the higher the level of economic development of the area, the higher the degree of cultivated land fragmentation; while in the low mountain and hilly area, the higher the level of economic development of the area, the lower the degree of cultivated land fragmentation.

Key words: cultivated land fragmentation, farming household, evaluation indicator, TOPSIS method, Hubei Province

文高辉, 杨钢桥, 汪文雄, 赵微. 基于农户视角的耕地细碎化程度评价——以湖北省“江夏区—咸安区—通山县”为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(9): 1129-1143.

Gaohui WEN, Gangqiao YANG, Wenxiong WANG, Wei ZHAO. Evaluation of cultivated land fragmentation degree based on farmers' perspective:A case of Jiangxia District, Xian'an District, and Tongshan County in Hubei Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(9): 1129-1143.

图/表 8

图1

表1

表2

表3

耕地细碎化程度评价指标权重"

指标层	含义	赋值	样本数	总分	平均值	权重
地块平均面积 $a ?$	地块面积越小,对农业生产越不方便、越不利	5=认同;4=较认同;3=一般(说不清);2=较不认同;1=不认同	477	1764	3.698	0.332
地块数量 $n$	耕地面积一定,地块数量越多,对农业生产越不方便、越不利	5=认同;4=较认同;3=一般(说不清);2=较不认同;1=不认同	477	1762	3.694	0.332
地块间的平均距离 $d ?$	地块间的距离越远,对农业生产越不方便、越不利	5=认同;4=较认同;3=一般(说不清);2=较不认同;1=不认同	477	1784	3.740	0.336

表3

表4

耕地细碎化程度衡量指标的特征"

指标	江夏区					咸安区
指标	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
$a ?$ /hm²	0.020	0.400	0.071	0.050	0.017	0.267	0.059	0.031	0.013	0.267	0.044	0.025
$n$ /块	1	55	12.201	8.072	1	40	10.259	6.425	1	41	9.594	5.149
$d ?$ /km	0.000	3.270	0.492	0.495	0.000	3.955	0.397	0.399	0.000	6.902	0.517	0.628
$d ? ′$ /km	0.000	3.500	0.594	0.475	0.002	4.000	0.568	0.522	0.040	3.525	0.627	0.457
指标	岗地平原地区							低山丘陵地区
指标	最小值		最大值	均值		标准差	最小值	最大值		均值		标准差
$a ?$ /hm²	0.020		0.400	0.070		0.046	0.013	0.267		0.047		0.024
$n$ /块	1		55	11.631		7.725	1	41		9.771		5.473
$d ?$ /km	0.000		3.270	0.447		0.429	0.000	6.902		0.490		0.592
$d ? ′$ /km	0.000		4.000	0.583		0.499	0.020	3.525		0.609		0.472

表4

图2

表5

图3

参考文献 53

1	陈红宇, 朱道林, 郧文聚, 等. 2012. 嘉兴市耕地细碎化和空间集聚格局分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 28(4): 235-242.
	[Chen H Y, Zhu D L, Yun W J, et al.2012. Analysis on cultivated land fragmentation and spatial agglomeration pattern in Jiaxing City[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 28(4): 235-242.]
2	何孝沛, 梁阁, 丁志伟, 等. 2015. 河南省城镇化质量空间格局演变[J]. 地理科学进展, 34(2): 257-264. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.02.014
	[He X P, Liang G, Ding Z W, et al.2015. Spatial evolution of the urbanization quality in Henan Province[J]. Progress in Geography, 34(2): 257-264.] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.02.014
3	黄祖辉, 王建英, 陈志钢. 2014. 非农就业、土地流转与土地细碎化对稻农技术效率的影响[J]. 中国农村经济, (11): 4-16.
	[Huang Z H, Wang J Y, Chen Z G.2014. Feinong jiuye, tudi liuzhuan yu tudi xisuihua dui daonong jishu xiaolv de yingxiang[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, (11): 4-16.]
4	李灿, 张凤荣, 朱泰峰, 等. 2013. 基于熵权TOPSIS模型的土地利用绩效评价及关联分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 29(5): 217-227.
	[Li C, Zhang F R, Zhu T F, et al.2013. Evaluation and correlation analysis of land use performance based on entropy-weight TOPSIS method[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29(5): 217-227.]
5	李功奎. 2006. 农地细碎化、劳动力利用与农民收入: 基于江苏省经济欠发达地区的实证研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学.
	[Li G K. 2006. Farmland fragmentation, labor utilization, and farmer's income: A position study of the underdeveloped regions of Jiangsu[D]. Nanjing, China: Nanjing Agricultural University.]
6	李功奎, 钟甫宁. 2006. 农地细碎化、劳动力利用与农民收入: 基于江苏省经济欠发达地区的实证研究[J]. 中国农村经济, (4): 42-48.
	[Li G K, Zhong F N.2006. Nongdi xisuihua, laodongli liyong yu nongmin shouru: Jiyu Jiangsusheng jingji qianfada diqu de shizheng yanjiu[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, (4): 42-48.]
7	李谷成, 冯中朝, 范丽霞. 2010. 小农户真的更加具有效率吗? 来自湖北省的经验证据[J]. 经济学(季刊), 9(1): 95-124.
	[Li G C, Feng Z C, Fan L X.2010. Is the small-sized rural household more efficient? The empirical evidence from Hubei Province[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 9(1): 95-124.]
8	李谷成, 冯中朝, 占绍文. 2008. 家庭禀赋对农户家庭经营技术效率的影响冲击: 基于湖北省农户的随机前沿生产函数实证[J]. 统计研究, 25(1): 35-42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-4565.2008.01.009
	[Li G C, Feng Z C, Zhan S W.2008. An empirical analysis about the effect of household endowments on the technical efficiency of farmer's household management: Evidence from the farmers of Hubei Province[J]. Statistical Research, 25(1): 35-42.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-4565.2008.01.009
9	李浩, 罗国富, 谢庆生. 2007. 基于应用服务提供商的动态联盟制造资源评估模型研究[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 13(5): 862-868. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5911.2007.05.006
	[Li H, Luo G F, Xie Q S.2007. Evaluation model of dynamic allied manufacturing resources based on application service provider[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 13(5): 862-868.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5911.2007.05.006
10	李庆东, 王秋兵, 钱凤魁, 等. 2010. 农户耕地经营细碎化分析: 以辽宁省昌图县为例[J]. 广东农业科学, 37(6): 230-232. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2010.06.093
	[Li Q D, Wang Q B, Qian F K, et al.2010. Analysis on fragmentation of cultivated land in typical region: A case of Changtu County in Liaoning Province[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 37(6): 230-232.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2010.06.093
11	李鑫, 欧名豪, 马贤磊. 2011. 基于景观指数的细碎化对耕地利用效率影响研究: 以扬州市里下河区域为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 26(10): 1758-1767. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.10.012
	[Li X, Ou M H, Ma X L.2011. Analysis on impact of fragmentation based on landscape index to cultivated land use efficiency: A case on Lixiahe District in Yangzhou City[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 26(10): 1758-1767.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.10.012
12	李鑫, 欧名豪, 肖长江, 等. 2012. 基于景观指数的细碎化对耕地生产效率影响研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 21(6): 707-713.
	[Li X, Ou M H, Xiao C J, et al.2012. Study on impacts of landscape fragmentation to cultivated land production efficiency[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 21(6): 707-713.]
13	连雪君, 毛雁冰. 2013. 土地细碎化必然导致土地生产效率降低? 对土地细碎化与土地生产效率研究的批判性分析[J]. 华中农业大学学报: 社会科学版, (6): 109-115.
	[Lian X J, Mao Y B.2013. Does land fragmentation necessarily reduce land production efficiency? Critical analysis on research of land fragmentation and land production efficiency[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University: Social Sciences Edition, (6): 109-115.]
14	连雪君, 毛雁冰, 王红丽. 2014. 细碎化土地产权、交易成本与农业生产: 来自内蒙古中部平原地区乌村的经验调查[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 24(4): 86-92. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2014.04.012
	[Lian X J, Mao Y B, Wang H L.2014. Fragmentated land property rights, transaction cost and agricultural production: Based the survey from Wu Village of Inner Mongolia central plains[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 24(4): 86-92.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2014.04.012
15	卢华, 胡浩. 2015. 土地细碎化增加农业生产成本了吗? 来自江苏省的微观调查[J]. 经济评论, (5): 129-140.
	[Lu H, Hu H.2015. Does land fragmentation increase agricultural production costs? A microscopic investigation from Jiangsu Province[J]. Economic Review, (5): 129-140.]
16	鲁春阳, 文枫, 杨庆媛, 等. 2011. 基于改进TOPSIS法的城市土地利用绩效评价及障碍因子诊断: 以重庆市为例[J]. 资源科学, 33(3): 535-541.
	[Lu C Y, Wen F, Yang Q Y, et al.2011. An evaluation of urban land use performance based on the improved TOPSIS method and diagnosis of its obstacle indicators: A case study of Chongqing[J]. Resources Science, 33(3): 535-541.]
17	罗文斌, 吴次芳. 2012. 中国农村土地整理绩效区域差异及其影响机理分析[J]. 中国土地科学, 26(6): 35-41, 91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8158.2012.06.007
	[Luo W B, Wu C F.2012. Regional differences of rural land consolidation performance and the impacts mechanism in China[J]. China Land Sciences, 26(6): 35-41, 91.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8158.2012.06.007
18	吕晓, 黄贤金, 钟太洋, 等. 2011. 中国农地细碎化问题研究进展[J]. 自然资源学报, 26(3): 530-540. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.03.020
	[Lv X, Huang X J, Zhong T Y, et al.2011. Review on the research of farmland fragmentation in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 26(3): 530-540.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.03.020
19	秦立建, 张妮妮, 蒋中一. 2011. 土地细碎化、劳动力转移与中国农户粮食生产: 基于安徽省的调查[J]. 农业技术经济, (11): 16-23.
	[Qin L J, Zhang N N, Jiang Z Y.2011. Tudi xisuihua, laodongli zhuanyi yu Zhongguo nonghu liangshi shengchan: Jiyu Anhuisheng de diaocha[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, (11): 16-23.]
20	沈陈华, 冯电军, 王旭姣, 等. 2012. 农地细碎化度测度指数计算的改进[J]. 资源科学, 34(12): 2242-2248.
	[Shen C H, Feng D J, Wang X J, et al.2012. Simpson index calculation of land fragmentation[J]. Resources Science, 34(12): 2242-2248.]
21	苏旭霞, 王秀清. 2002. 农用地细碎化与农户粮食生产: 以山东省莱西市为例的分析[J]. 中国农村观察,(3): 22-8, 80.
	[Su X X, Wang X Q.2002. Study on land fragmentation and grain production in the farming sector: A case of Laixi City in Shangdong Province[J]. China Rural Survey,(3): 22-8, 80.]
22	孙雁, 刘友兆. 2010. 基于细碎化的土地资源可持续利用评价: 以江西分宜县为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 25(5): 802-810. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.011
	[Sun Y, Liu Y Z.2010. Evaluation of land use sustainability based on land fragmentation: A case on Fenyi County, Jiangxi Province[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 25(5): 802-810.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2010.05.011
23	孙雁, 赵小敏. 2010. 分宜县土地细碎化的中观尺度研究[J]. 中国土地科学, 24(4): 25-31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8158.2010.04.005
	[Sun Y, Zhao X M.2010. Research on land fragmentation of Fenyi County on meso-level[J]. China Land Science, 24(4): 25-31.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8158.2010.04.005
24	谭淑豪, Heerink N, 曲福田. 2006. 土地细碎化对中国东南部水稻小农户技术效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 39(12): 2467-2473.
	[Tan S H, Heerink N, Qu F T.2006. Impact of land fragmentation on small rice farmers' technical efficiency in southeast China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 39(12): 2467-2473.]
25	谭淑豪, 曲福田, 尼克·哈瑞柯. 2003. 土地细碎化的成因及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国农村观察,(6): 24-30, 74.
	[Tan S H, Qu F T, Heerink N.2003. Tudi xisuihua de chengyin jiqi yingxiang yinsu fenxi[J]. China Rural Survey,(6): 24-30, 74.]
26	田传浩, 陈宏辉, 贾生华. 2005. 农地市场对耕地零碎化的影响: 理论与来自苏浙鲁的经验[J]. 经济学(季刊), 4(3): 769-784.
	[Tian C H, Chen H H, Jia S H.2005. The effects of the rental market on land fragmentation: Theory and evidence from three provinces[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 4(3): 769-784.]
27	田孟, 贺雪峰. 2015. 中国的农地细碎化及其治理之道[J]. 江西财经大学学报, (2): 88-96.
	[Tian M, He X F.2015. Zhongguo de nongdi xisuihua jiqi zhili zhi dao[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, (2): 88-96.]
28	万广华, 程恩江. 1996. 规模经济、土地细碎化与我国的粮食生产[J]. 中国农村观察,(3): 31-36, 64.
	[Wan G H, Cheng E J.1996. Guimo jingji, tudi xisuihua yu woguo de liangshi shengchan[J]. China Rural Survey,(3): 31-36, 64.]
29	王兴稳, 钟甫宁. 2008. 土地细碎化与农用地流转市场[J]. 中国农村观察,(4): 29-34, 80.
	[Wang X W, Zhong F N.2008. Land fragmentation and the land transfer market[J]. China Rural Survey,(4): 29-34, 80.]
30	韦俊敏, 胡宝清. 2013. 基于改进TOPSIS法的土地整治合理度评价: 以广西农垦国有金光等4个农场为例[J]. 资源科学, 35(7): 1407-1414.
	[Wei J M, Hu B Q.2013. Reasonability degree evaluation of land consolidation based on improved TOPSIS method: A case study of Guangxi Jinguang etc four farms[J]. Resources Science, 35(7): 1407-1414.]
31	文高辉, 杨钢桥, 李文静, 等. 2014. 基于农民视角的农地整理项目绩效评价及其障碍因子诊断: 以湖北省毛嘴等三个项目为例[J]. 资源科学, 36(1): 26-34.
	[Wen G H, Yang G Q, Li W J, et al.2014. An evaluation of rural land consolidation projects performance and its obstacle indicators based on farmers' perspective: A case of 3 projects in Hubei[J]. Resources Science, 36(1): 26-34.]
32	吴健生, 许娜, 张曦文. 2016. 中国低碳城市评价与空间格局分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 35(2): 204-213.
	[Wu J S, Xu N, Zhang X W.2016. Evaluation of low-carbon city and spatial pattern analysis in China[J]. Progress in Geography, 35(2): 204-213.]
33	吴泽斌, 刘卫东, 罗文斌, 等. 2009. 我国耕地保护的绩效评价及其省际差异分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 24(10): 1785-1793. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2009.10.012
	[Wu Z B, Liu W D, Luo W B, et al.2009. Evaluation on performance of cultivated land protection and inter-provincial differences analysis in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 24(10): 1785-1793.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2009.10.012
34	许恒周, 郭玉燕, 吴冠岑. 2012. 农民分化对耕地利用效率的影响: 基于农户调查数据的实证分析[J]. 中国农村经济,(6): 31-39, 47.
	[Xu H Z, Guo Y Y, Wu G C.2012. Nongmin fenhua dui gengdi liyong xiaolv de yingxiang: Jiyu nonghu diaocha shuju de shizheng fenxi[J]. Chinese Rural Economy,(6): 31-39, 47.]
35	许庆, 田士超, 邵挺, 等. 2007. 土地细碎化与农民收入: 来自中国的实证研究[J]. 农业技术经济, (6): 67-72.
	[Xu Q, Tian S C, Shao T, et al.2007. Tudi xisuihua yu nongmin shouru: Laizi Zhongguo de shizheng yanjiu[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, (6): 67-72.]
36	许庆, 田士超, 徐志刚, 等. 2008. 农地制度、土地细碎化与农民收入不平等[J]. 经济研究, 43(2): 83-92, 105.
	[Xu Q, Tian S C, Xu Z G, et al.2008. Rural land system, land fragmentation and farmer's income inequality[J]. Economic Research Journal, 43(2): 83-92, 105.]
37	叶春辉, 许庆, 徐志刚. 2008. 农地细碎化的缘由与效应: 历史视角下的经济学解释[J]. 农业经济问题,(9): 9-15, 110.
	[Ye C H, Xu Q, Xu Z G.2008. Land fragmentation: Historical and economics analysis[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy,(9): 9-15, 110.]
38	余亮亮, 蔡银莺. 2015. 基于农户满意度的耕地保护经济补偿政策绩效评价及障碍因子诊断[J]. 自然资源学报, 30(7): 1092-1103. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.07.003
	[Yu L L, Cai Y Y.2015. Performance evaluation and obstacle indicator diagnoses of economic compensation for farmland protection policy based on farmers' satisfaction[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 30(7): 1092-1103.] doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.07.003
39	张海鑫, 杨钢桥. 2012. 耕地细碎化及其对粮食生产技术效率的影响: 基于超越对数随机前沿生产函数与农户微观数据[J]. 资源科学, 34(5): 903-910.
	[Zhang H X, Yang G Q.2012. The effects of land fragmentation on technical efficiency of food production: An empirical analysis based on stochastic frontier production function and micro-data of households[J]. Resources Science, 34(5): 903-910.]
40	章立, 余康, 郭萍. 2012. 农业经营技术效率的影响因素分析: 基于浙江省农户面板数据的实证[J]. 农业技术经济, (3): 71-77.
	[Zhang L, Yu K, Guo P.2012. Nongye jingying jishu xiaolv de yingxiang yinsu fenxi: Jiyu Zhejiangsheng nonghu mianban shuju de shizheng[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, (3): 71-77.]
41	赵凯. 2011. 论土地细碎化及其定量测定方法[J]. 中国土地科学, 25(10): 35-39, 88.
	[Zhao K.2011. Land fragmentation and its quantitative measurement method[J]. China Land Science, 25(10): 35-39, 88.]
42	朱珠, 张琳, 叶晓雯, 等. 2012. 基于TOPSIS方法的土地利用综合效益评价[J]. 经济地理, 32(10): 139-144.
	[Zhu Z, Zhang L, Ye X W, et al.2012. Evaluation of comprehensive land use efficiency based on TOPSIS[J]. Economic Geography, 32(10): 139-144.]
43	Bentley J W.1987. Economic and ecological approaches to land fragmentation: In defense of a much-maligned phenomenon[J]. Annual Review of Anthropology, 16: 31-67.
44	Demetriou D, Stillwell J, See L.2012. Land consolidation in Cyprus: Why is an integrated planning and decision support system required[J]. Land Use Policy, 29(1): 131-142. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.05.012
45	Heston A, Kumar D.1983. The persistence of land fragmentation in peasant agriculture: An analysis of South Asian cases[J]. Explorations in Economic History, 20(2): 199-220.
46	Jabarin A S, Epplin F M.1994. Impacts of land fragmentation on the cost of producing wheat in the rain-fed region of northern Jordan[J]. Agricultural Economics, 11(2-3): 191-196. doi: 10.1016/0169-5150(94)00027-1
47	King R, Burton S.1982. Land fragmentation: Notes on a fundamental rural spatial problem[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 6(4): 475-494. doi: 10.1111/j.0033-0124.1982.00456.x
48	Lisec A, Primožič T, Ferlan M, et al.2014. Land owners' perception of land consolidation and their satisfaction with the results: Slovenian experiences[J]. Land Use Policy, 38: 550-563. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.01.003
49	Nguyen T, Cheng E J, Findlay C.1996. Land fragmentation and farm productivity in China in the 1990s[J]. China Economic Review, 7(2): 169-180. doi: 10.1016/S1043-951X(96)90007-3
50	Rahman S, Rahman M.2009. Impact of land fragmentation and resource ownership on productivity and efficiency: The case of rice producers in Bangladesh[J]. Land Use Policy, 26(1): 95-103. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.01.003
51	van Dijk T.2007. Complications for traditional land consolidation in central Europe[J]. Geoforum, 38(3): 505-511. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.11.010
52	van Hung P, MacAulay T G, Marsh S P.2007. The economics of land fragmentation in the north of Vietnam[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 51(2): 195-211. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8489.2007.00378.x
53	Wan G H, Cheng E J.2001. Effects of land fragmentation and returns to scale in the Chinese farming sector[J]. Applied Economics, 33(2): 183-194. doi: 10.1080/00036840121811

区(县)	乡(镇、街道)	行政村	样本数	地形地貌
江夏区	纸坊街道	丰收村、林港村	18	岗地平原
	郑店街道	崇岭村、关山村、莲花桥村、廖桥村	35	岗地平原
	乌龙泉街道	四一村、团结村、新建村、幸福村	35	岗地平原
	安山街道	茶园村、马鞍村、青春村、山巷村、胜利村	44	岗地平原
	山坡街道	保福村、大咀村、光星村、群力村	32	岗地平原
	小计		164
咸安区	贺胜桥镇	贺胜村、花坪村、万秀村	27	岗地平原
	横沟桥镇	李堡桥村、杨畈村	20	岗地平原
	官埠桥镇	渡船村、雨坛村、紫潭村	30	岗地平原
	浮山街道	龙潭村、太乙村	20	低山丘陵
	温泉街道	肖桥村	6	低山丘陵
	马桥镇	曾铺村、马桥村、钱庄村	29	低山丘陵
	桂花镇	白沙村、柏墩村、毛坪村	26	低山丘陵
	小计		158
通山县	大路乡	杨狮坑村、余长畈村	19	低山丘陵
	南林桥镇	罗城村、南林村、石门村	29	低山丘陵
	通羊镇	李渡村、茅田村、石宕村	28	低山丘陵
	闯王镇	坳坪村、宝石村、仙崖村	30	低山丘陵
	厦铺镇	花纹村、藕塘村、厦铺村	29	低山丘陵
	杨芳林乡	郭家岭村、杨芳林村	20	低山丘陵
	小计		155
合计			477

特征	类别	江夏区			咸安区			通山县
特征	类别	样本数		比例/%		样本数	比例/%	样本数	比例/%
性别	男	118	71.95		114	72.15		127	81.94
性别	女	46	28.05		44	27.85		28	18.06
年龄/岁	<40	5	3.05		8	5.06		7	4.52
	40~49	24	14.63		30			18.99	20	12.90
	50~59	53	32.32		46			29.11	61	39.36
	60~69	56	34.15		51			32.28	57	36.77
	≥70	26	15.85		23			14.56	10	6.45
受教育程度	小学及以下	79	48.17		76	48.10		98	63.22
	初中	63	38.41		61			38.61	40	25.81
	高中	21	12.81	19		12.02	15		9.68
	大学及以上	1	0.61	2		1.27	2		1.29
是否担任过村干部	否	148	90.24	142	89.87	146	94.19
是否担任过村干部	是	16	9.76	16		10.13	9		5.81
目前从事工作	纯农业	101	61.58	95	60.13	98	63.22
	农业为主,非农为辅	13	7.93	23		14.56	9		5.81
	非农为主,农业为辅	15	9.15	26		16.45	26		16.77
	纯非农	17	10.37	7		4.43	13		8.39
	丧失劳动力或退休	18	10.97	7		4.43	9		5.81
承包地面积/hm²	≤0.2	8	4.88	22	13.92	28	18.06
	0.2~0.4	30	18.29	48		30.38	73		47.10
	0.4~0.6	40	24.39	44		27.85	43		27.74
	0.6~0.8	33	20.12	21		13.29	6		3.87
	0.8~1.0	19	11.59	11		6.96	4		2.58
	>1.0	34	20.73	12		7.60	1		0.65
人均年收入/(万元/人)	≤1	60	36.59	63	39.87	60	38.71
	1~2	75	45.73	62		39.24	72		46.45
	2~3	23	14.02	31		19.62	17		10.97
	>3	6	3.66	2		1.27	6		3.87
农业收入比重/%	≤10	114	69.51	106	67.09	122	78.71
	10~30	33	20.12	24		15.19	15		9.68
	30~50	5	3.05	8		5.06	4		2.58
	50~70	3	1.83	9		5.70	4		2.58
	70~90	6	3.66	7		4.43	3		1.93
	>90	3	1.83	4		2.53	7		4.52

地区	江夏区	咸安区	通山县	岗地平原地区	低山丘陵地区
耕地细碎化程度C	0.415	0.416	0.428	0.413	0.426
耕地细碎化程度C'	0.433	0.434	0.445	0.431	0.443

[1]	葛玉娟, 赵宇鸾, 李秀彬. 山区耕地细碎化对土地利用集约度影响——以贵州省亚鱼村为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1095-1105.
[2]	赵清林, 张伟娜, 李心怡, 李殿鑫, 宋小青. 2006—2015年湖北省城市相对收缩时空变化[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1106-1116.
[3]	刘愿理, 廖和平, 李靖, 李涛, 蔡进, 何田. 后2020时期农户相对贫困测度及机理分析——以重庆市长寿区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 960-971.
[4]	赵雪雁, 刘江华, 王伟军, 兰海霞, 马平易, 杜昱璇. 贫困山区脱贫农户的生计可持续性及生计干预——以陇南山区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 982-995.
[5]	刘倩, 陈佳, 吴孔森, 杨新军. 秦巴山集中连片特困区农户多维贫困测度与影响机理分析——以商洛市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 996-1012.
[6]	宁思雨, 黄晶, 汪志强, 王慧敏. 基于投入产出法的洪涝灾害间接经济损失评估——以湖北省为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 420-432.
[7]	宋臻, 史兴民. 雨养农业区农户的气候变化适应行为及影响因素路径分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 461-473.
[8]	宋周莺, 虞洋. “一带一路”沿线贸易便利化发展格局研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 355-366.
[9]	郭新伟, 余斌, 卓蓉蓉, 曾菊新, 颜梅艳. 江汉平原乡村农户就业变迁及其影响因素研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(12): 2094-2104.
[10]	何仁伟,方方,刘运伟. 贫困山区农户人力资本对生计策略的影响研究——以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(9): 1282-1893.
[11]	胡银根, 董文静, 余依云, 徐小峰, 代兵. 土地整治供给侧结构性改革与乡村重构——潜江“华山模式”实证研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5): 731-738.
[12]	王成, 马小苏, 唐宁, 李颢颖, 周明茗, 何焱洲. 农户行为视角下的乡村生产空间系统运行机制及重构启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5): 636-646.
[13]	汤鹏飞, 向京京, 罗静, 陈国磊. 基于改进潜能模型的县域小学空间可达性研究——以湖北省仙桃市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(6): 697-708.
[14]	石钰, 马恩朴, 李同昇, 芮旸. 基于农户视角的洪灾社会脆弱度及影响因素——以安康市4个滨河村庄为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(11): 1380-1390.
[15]	敖荣军, 李浩慈, 杨振, 张涛. 老年人口健康的空间分异及影响因素研究——以湖北省为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(10): 1218-1228.