北京城市办公空间通达性感知研究

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.12.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市交通条件是城市运营与发展的基本环节,决定着城市的运行效率以及城市空间结构优化。本文基于问卷调查的抽样数据,以北京城区10个办公集聚区为研究区,运用多维标度分析方法,对研究区内通达性的被调查人主观感知进行分析评价,结合主观感知与实际测算客观数据的对比,比较城市内部不同办公集聚区之间通达性感知的差异性。研究表明：①以地面交通和轨道交通为主导的公共交通是北京城市居民选择通勤的主要交通工具,近50%的人更倾向于选择5~10 min的步行时间达到公共交通站点和休闲娱乐设施场所;②城市内部不同办公集聚区的从业人员通达性感知情况与客观实际分析存在显著差异性;③办公集聚区通达性主客观等级的差异,反映了交通通达性的测度不仅要关注站点距离,更应该关注出行者心理感知和出行换乘的便利程度,特别是交通站点到工作地之间的“最后一公里”联通问题;④5~10 min的步行圈是城市活动的基本单元,它不仅可作为城市公共交通站点及配套设施的规划设计单元,而且应将其作为推动北京城市改善和提高空间通达性的重要手段。

关键词: 通达性, 感知, 办公集聚区, 北京

Abstract:

Urban traffic condition is a fundamental aspect of city operation and development, also determines the operational efficiency of cities and the optimization of urban spatial structure. The ring and dispersal pattern of urban road network in Beijing influences the internal structure and form of the urban space, also affects the spatial accessibility of different functional districts. Based on the sampling data of a questionnaire survey, this paper examines accessibility of 10 office clusters of Beijing. By multidimensional scaling analysis, we evaluate the respondents' subjective perception of accessibility in the research areas. Meanwhile, using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools, we analyze the actual accessibility of office clusters and classify the evaluation results of accessibility. Through a comparison of the subjective perception based on the questionnaire survey data and the objective assessment result, we analyze the accessibility in different office clusters of the inner city. The result shows that, first, in different office clusters, there is no obvious difference in the selection of transportation means, but non-motor vehicles and private cars were used frequently in certain areas. Ground transportation and rail transportation as leading public transport tools are the main transport methods that urban residents in Beijing choose to use in commuting. Nearly 50% of people preferred to walk 5~10 minutes to public transportation sites and entertainment facilities. Second, there are significant differences between commuters' subjective perception of accessibility and objective assessment result in different office clusters of the inner city. Respondents had different perception of accessibility in different office clusters. Third, the difference between subjective and objective accessibility assessments indicates that transport accessibility assessment should not only focus on the distance to public transport sites, but also on travelers' psychological perception and the convenience of transfer between different lines and transport means, especially the connection of "the last kilometer" between public transportation sites and workplace. Fourth, 5~10 minutes walking distance is the basic space of activities for city residents. This not only provide the basis for the planning and design of public transportation sites and supporting facilities, but also make constructing the "5~10 minutes walking circle" an important tool for improving the spatial accessibility in Beijing's urban area. These results can be useful for optimizing the location of office spaces in the city of Beijing.

Key words: accessibility, perception, office clusters, Beijing urban area

中图分类号:

K901

王丹丹, 张景秋, 孙蕊. 北京城市办公空间通达性感知研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(12): 1676-1683.

Dandan WANG, Jingqiu ZHANG, Rui SUN. Perception of office space accessibility in Beijing urban area[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(12): 1676-1683.

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办公区	性别			年龄					受教育程度①				职位
办公区	男		女		≤30		31~40	41~50	>50	低	中	高	职员	主管	经理	临时
CBD	92	112		104	71	21	8		11	180	13		127	54	18	5
CBD	45.1%	54.9%		51.0%	34.8%	10.3%	3.9%		5.4%	88.2%	6.4%		62.3%	26.5%	8.8%	2.4%
金融街	64	68		53	57	22	0		2	103	27		87	38	7	0
金融街	48.5%	51.5%		40.2%		43.2%	16.7%		0.0%	1.5%			78.0%	20.5%	65.9%		28.8%	5.3%	0.0%
中关村	40	30		45	17	4	4		11	56	3		62	7	1	0
中关村	57.1%	42.9%		64.3%		24.3%	5.7%		5.7%	15.7%			80.0%	4.3%	88.6%		10.0%	1.4%	0.0%
上地	30	38		55	9	4	0		11	57	0		58	9	1	0
上地	44.1%	55.9%		80.9%		13.2%	5.9%		0.0%	16.2%			83.8%	0.0%	85.3%		13.2%	1.5%	0.0%
亚运村+奥运村	26	29		32	5	18	0		1	48	6		39	14	2	0
亚运村+奥运村	47.3%	52.7%		58.2%		9.1%	32.7%		0.0%	1.8%			87.3%	10.9%	70.9%		25.5%	3.6%	0.0%
望京科技园	21	29		38	9	2	1		2	40	8		42	5	2	1
望京科技园	42.0%	58.0%		76.0%		18.0%	4.0%		2.0%	4.0%			80.0%	16.0%	84.0%		10.0%	4.0%	2.0%
鲁谷	15	18	10	11	8	4	9	23	1	12	12	6	3
鲁谷	45.5%	54.5%	30.4%		33.3%	24.2%	12.1%	27.3%		69.7%	3.0%	36.4%		36.4%	18.2%	9.1%
总部基地	15	15	17	6	5	2	5	24	1	24	4	0	2
总部基地	50.0%	50.0%	56.7%		20.0%	16.7%	6.7%	16.7%		80.0%	3.3%	80.0%		13.3%	0.0%	6.7%
亦庄	20	13	21	11	1	0	1	32	0	26	6	1	0
亦庄	60.6%	39.4%	63.7%		33.3%	3.0%	0.0%	3.0%		97.0%	0.0%	78.8%		18.2%	3.0%	0.0%
燕莎+三元桥	14	43	22	21	11	3	6	44	7	36	17	4	0
燕莎+三元桥	24.6%	75.4%	38.6%		36.8%	19.3%	5.3%	10.5%		77.2%	12.3%	63.2%		29.8%	7.0%	0.0%
合计	347	385	397	230	83	22	59	607	66	513	166	42	11
合计	47.4%	52.6%	54.3%		31.4%	11.3%	3.0%	8.1%		82.9%	9.0%	70.1%		22.6%	5.8%	1.5%

不同感知时间占比/%	到达最近公交站点	到达最近地铁站点	到达附近休闲餐饮等设施
5以内	30.10	19.5	27.6
5~10	56.10	48.5	48.4
10~15	8.75	18.6	20.9
15以上	5.05	13.4	3.1

办公集聚区	到地面公交站平均时间/min	到轨道交通站平均时间/min	二者平均时间/min	附近公交站点数	附近轨道交通站点数
CBD	3.6	7.6	5.60	63	2
金融街	2.3	10.2	6.25	39	3
中关村	3.2	6.5	4.85	36	4
上地	2.9	15.3	9.10	25	1
亚运村+奥运村	3.3	20.2	11.75	24	2
望京科技园	2.6	26.7	14.65	40	1
鲁谷	2.3	13.1	7.70	23	1
总部基地	7.7	25.6	16.65	9	1
亦庄	1.5	8.3	4.90	37	1
燕莎+三元桥	5.0	9.6	7.30	29	2

办公集聚区通达性等级	主观感知	客观统计
优	金融街、CBD	CBD、中关村、亦庄、金融街
良	亦庄、中关村、亚运村+奥运村	燕莎+三元桥、鲁谷、上地
中	燕莎+三元桥、上地、望京	亚运村+奥运村
差	总部基地、鲁谷	总部基地、望京