中国机场总规模分层优化测算研究——基于人口覆盖角度

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.12.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

适宜的机场数量规模是中国机场发展战略和中长期规划的重要研究内容。传统的定性方法难以满足规划的需求,而采用合理的定量测算方法求解中国机场规模对未来的规划更具有参考意义。本文根据不同等级需求点的可达性要求,设置不同的机场服务半径,并规定新建机场腹地人口规模,通过制定位置集合覆盖模型(Location Set Covering Problem,LSCP)和最大覆盖选址模型(Maximal Covering Location Problem, MCLP)的综合修正模型,对中国机场规模进行分层测算。结果表明,不同地、县级需求组合下,在地面道路距离100 km范围内覆盖中国95%总人口时,中国机场规模以370~385个为宜。其中,中部、西部地区地级机场与县级机场均需建设;东北地区需要多新建地级机场,黑龙江省还需新建少量县级机场;东部地区新建少量地级机场以及适量县级机场。对于本文结果中出现的首层地级测算中地级市没有布局机场,但在第二层县级测算时下属县却布局机场,以及同一地级市布局多个县级机场的现象,认为是合理的。测算结果对未来民航机场规划具有一定参考价值。

关键词: 机场规划, 机场规模, 分层优化, 可达性, LSCP, MCLP, 中国

Abstract:

Determining the appropriate number of civil airports is an important topic in Chinese civil airport planning and development. Qualitative estimation of the number of airports cannot meet the requirement of future planning, thus appropriate quantitative methods are needed for providing sound support for decision making. According to the different accessibility requirements of various demand points, this paper defines different accessibility thresholds for different levels of airports, sets the minimum number of population that an airport should serve, and utilizes the revised Location Set Covering Problem (LSCP) and Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) models for the stratified estimation of the total number and location of Chinese civil airports. The result reveals that to cover 95% of the total population within 100 km rectilinear distance, the required number of airports is 370~385. In the central and western regions, city-and county-level airports are all required. City-level airports need to be constructed in northeast China and there should be a number of new county-level airports in Heilongjiang Province. In the eastern region, seldom any city-level airports but some county-level airports are demanded. The result that some cities do not need new airports in the city-level estimation but the counties under these cities need one or more new airports in the county-level estimation may seem counter intuitive, but this research found that this result is reasonable. The result is heuristic for future civil airport planning.

Key words: airport planning, airport number and location, stratified estimation, accessibility, LSCP, MCLP, China

中图分类号:

钟晴, 戴特奇. 中国机场总规模分层优化测算研究——基于人口覆盖角度[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(12): 1642-1649.

Qing ZHONG, Teqi DAI. Stratified estimation of the total number and location of Chinese civil airports based on population coverage using revised LSCP and MCLP models[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(12): 1642-1649.

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地（市）级需求点可达性需求/km	地级尺度新建机场数量/个	县级需求点不同可达性需求下的新建机场数量/个
地（市）级需求点可达性需求/km	地级尺度新建机场数量/个	100 km	110 km	120 km
40	174	34	8	0
50	156	36	11	0
60	142	48	13	1
70	117	60	16	2