基于上市公司网络的长三角城市网络空间结构研究

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.12.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

公司内部网络研究是当前城市经济网络研究的重要内容。本文利用2005、2010年长三角A股上市公司企业网络数据库,运用社会网络分析方法、位序—规模分析法等,分析了2005、2010年长三角城市网络空间结构演变及其主要影响因素。研究发现：① 长三角上市公司总部沿沪宁—沪杭—杭甬Z字形轴线集聚,从一主(上海)二副(杭州、南京)三中心向一主(上海)三副(杭州、苏州、南京)四中心空间结构演变;苏州超过南京成为第三大企业总部集聚中心。② 长三角城市网络核心—边缘结构整体延续,Z字形轴线城市维持核心地位,具备强大的网络权力与威望。③ 长三角城市网络除等级扩散、邻近扩散等特征之外,还具有明显的行政地域性。主要体现在省会南京、杭州分别成为江苏、浙江省内外上市公司子公司的重要据点;尤其是南京凭借省会优势,中心度仍然高于总部职能较强的苏州。④ 在长三角经济一体化背景下,跨行政地域性的联系有所加强,特别是上海、苏南向苏中、苏北的扩散明显;浙西南仍是网络相对封闭、孤立的地带,中心度相对较低。⑤ 行政等级和区划,市场容量等是长三角城市网络空间结构的主要影响因素,而到上海高速公路时间距离、劳动力成本和土地成本的影响在统计上未通过显著性检验。

关键词: 城市网络, 社会网络分析, A股上市公司, 空间结构, 长三角

Abstract:

In this study, we created 2005 and 2010 A-share listed companies network database of the Yangtze River Delta and used social network analysis and rank-size analysis methods to analyze the spatial structure of urban network in the Yangtze River Delta. The result shows that: (1) The Yangtze River Delta listed companies' headquarters tended to agglomerate in the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Z-shaped corridor. The most important change of the spatial structure of company headquarter distribution during the study period was the development from three centers to four centers. Suzhou replaced Nanjing and became the third largest hub of company headquarters, after Shanghai and Hangzhou; (2) Urban network structure maintained a core-periphery pattern. Cities along the Z-shaped corridor showed higher centrality and have strong influences on the spatial pattern of the urban network; (3) The network structure showed hierarchical diffusion, neighborhood diffusion, and administrative constraint characteristics. The provincial capitals Nanjing and Hangzhou of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces became major investment stronghold only after Shanghai. Nanjing's network centrality was higher than Suzhou because of its higher administrative status; (4) In the background of the Yangtze River Delta economic integration, cross-regional linkages has been strengthened, especially the diffusion of companies from Shanghai and Southern Jiangsu to Central and Northern Jiangsu was very clear. Centrality of Southwest Zhejiang was relatively low. The area was still relatively isolated within the network; (5) Administrative status and divisions and market scale were the main factors affecting the spatial structure of urban network in the Yangtze River Delta. The impact of temporal distance to Shanghai by express way, labor costs, and land costs were not statistically significant.

Key words: urban network, social network analysis, A-share listed companies, spatial structure, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)

中图分类号:

F293.1

李仙德. 基于上市公司网络的长三角城市网络空间结构研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(12): 1587-1600.

Xiande LI. Spatial structure of the Yangtze River Delta urban network based on the pattern of listed companies network[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(12): 1587-1600.

图/表 10

表1

表2

图1

图2

图3

图4

表3

图5

表4

表5

参考文献 54

[1]	鲍超, 陈小杰. 2014. 中国城市体系的空间格局研究评述与展望. 地理科学进展, 33(10): 1300-1311.
	[Bao C, Chen X J.2014. Reivew and prospect of research on the spatial pattern of China's urban system. Progress in Geography, 33(10): 1300-1311.]
[2]	李伯重. 2011. "江南经济奇迹"的历史基础: 新视野中的近代早期江南经济. 清华大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, 26(2): 68-80, 159.
	[Li B Z.2011. The historical basis of the Jiangnan Economic Mirical: early modern economy of the Yangzi Delta in a new perspective. Journal of Tsinghua University: Philosophy and Social Sciences, 26(2): 68-80, 159.]
[3]	李响. 2011. 基于社会网络分析的长三角城市群网络结构研究. 城市发展研究, 18(12): 80-85.
	[Li X.Research on the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration network structure based on social network analysis. Urban Studies, 18(12): 80-85.]
[4]	刘军. 2004. 社会网络分析导论. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社.
	[Liu J.2004. An introduction to social network analysis. Beijing, China: Social Science Academic Press.]
[5]	刘君德. 2006. 中国转型期"行政区经济"现象透视: 兼论中国特色人文—经济地理学的发展. 经济地理, 26(6): 897-901.
	[Liu J D.2006. Perspective of the "Administrative Region Economy" phenomenon in China's transitional period: an introduction of human economic geography with Chinese characteristics. Economic Geography, 26(6): 897-901.]
[6]	刘志彪等. 2010. 长三角区域经济一体化. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社.
	[Liu Z B, et al.2010. Changsanjiao quyu jingji yitihua. Beijing, China: China Renmin University Press.]
[7]	卢文岱. 2004. SPSS for Windows 统计分析: 第二版. 北京: 电子工业出版社.
	[Lu W D.2004. SPSS for Windows tongji fenxi. 2nd ed. Beijing, China: Electronic Industry Press.]
[8]	陆铭. 2013. 空间的力量: 地理、政治和城市发展. 上海: 格致出版社, 上海人民出版社.
	[Lu M.2013. Kongjian de liliang: dili, zhengzhi he chengshi fazhan. Shanghai, China: Truth & Wisdom Press, Shanghai People's Press.]
[9]	罗震东, 何鹤鸣, 耿磊. 2011. 基于客运交通流的长江三角洲功能多中心结构研究. 城市规划学刊, (2): 16-23.
	[Luo Z D, He H M, Geng L.2011. Analysis of the polycentric structure of Yangtze River Delta based on passenger traffic flow. Urban Planning Forum, (2): 16-23.]
[10]	宁越敏. 1993. 市场经济条件下城镇网络优化的若干问题. 城市问题, (4): 2-6.
	[Ning Y M.1993. Shichang jingji tiaojian xia chengzhen wangluo youhua de ruogan wenti. Urban Problems, (4): 2-6.]
[11]	宁越敏. 1998. 新城市化进程: 90 年代中国城市化动力机制和特点探讨. 地理学报, 53(5): 470-477.
	[Ning Y M.1998. New process of urbanization: dynamic and features of urbanization in China since 1990. Acta Geographica Sinica, 53(5): 470-477.]
[12]	宁越敏, 武前波. 2011. 企业空间组织与城市-区域发展. 北京: 科学出版社.
	[Ning Y M, Wu Q B.2011. Spatial organization of enterprise and development of city-region. Beijing, China: Science Press.]
[13]	宁越敏, 严重敏. 1993. 我国中心城市的不平衡发展及空间扩散的研究. 地理学报, 48(2): 97-104.
	[Ning Y M, Yan Z M.1993. The uneven development and spatial diffusion of Chinese central cities. Acta Geographica Sinica, 48(2): 97-104.]
[14]	潘峰华, 夏亚博, 刘作丽. 2013. 区域视角下中国上市企业总部的迁址研究. 地理学报, 68(4): 449-463.
	[Pan F H, Xia Y B, Liu Z L.2013. The relocation of headquarters of public listed firms in China: a regional perspective study. Acta Geographica Sinica, 68(4): 449-463.]
[15]	唐子来, 赵渺希. 2010. 经济全球化视角下长三角区域的城市体系演化: 关系网络和价值区段的分析方法. 城市规划学刊, (1): 29-34.
	[Tang Z L, Zhao M X.2010. Economic globalization and transformation of urban system in the Yangtze River Delta region: interlocking network and value-added hierarchy. Urban Planning Forum, (1): 29-34.]
[16]	汪明峰, 宁越敏. 2004. 互联网与中国信息网络城市的崛起. 地理学报, 59(3): 446-454.
	[Wang M F, Ning Y M.2004. The internet and the rise of information network cities in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 59(3): 446-454.]
[17]	武前波, 宁越敏. 2012. 中国城市空间网络分析: 基于电子信息企业生产网络视角. 地理研究, 31(2): 207-219.
	[Wu Q B, Ning Y M.2012. China's urban network based on spatial organization of electronic information enterprises. Geographical Research, 31(2): 207-219.]
[18]	徐建华. 2004. 现代地理学中的数学方法. 北京: 高等教育出版社.
	[Xu J H.2004. Mathematical methods in contemporary geography. Beijing, China: Higher Education Press.]
[19]	虞蔚. 1988. 我国重要城市间信息作用的系统分析. 地理学报, 43(2): 141-148.
	[Yu W.1988. A systematic analysis of information interaction among the major cities of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 43(2): 141-148.]
[20]	张闯. 2010. 中国城市间流通网络结构及其演化: 理论与实证. 北京: 经济科学出版社.
	[Zhang C.2010. The structural evolution of the intercity distribution network in China: theory building and empirical research. Beijing, China: Economic Science Press.]
[21]	张莉, 陆玉麒. 2010. "点—轴系统"的空间分析方法研究: 以长江三角洲为例. 地理学报, 65(12): 1534-1547.
	[Zhang L, Lu Y Q.2010. Studies on spatial analysis method of the "Pole & Axis System": a case study of the Yangtze River Delta. Acta Geographica Sinica, 65(12): 1534-1547.]
[22]	赵渺希. 2011. 长三角区域的网络交互作用与空间结构演化. 地理研究, 30(2): 311-323.
	[Zhao M X.2011. Evolution of network and spatial structure in Yangtze River Delta. Geographical Research, 30(2): 311-323.]
[23]	赵渺希, 吴康, 刘行健, 等. 2014. 城市网络的一种算法及其实证比较. 地理学报, 69(2): 169-183.
	[Zhao M X, Wu K, Liu X J, et al.2014. A novel method to approximate intercity networks and its empirical validation. Acta Geographica Sinica, 69(2): 169-183.]
[24]	赵新正, 宁越敏. 2012. 经济全球化视野下的中国城市网络研究: 以长三角为例//宁越敏. 中国城市研究: 第五辑. 北京: 商务印书馆.
	[Zhao X Z, Ning Y M.2012. The research of Chinese city network in the context of economic globalization: the case of Yangtze River Delta// Ning Y M. Zhongguo chengshi yanjiu: diwuji. Beijing.The Commercial Press.]
[25]	周一星. 2007. 城市地理学. 北京: 商务印书馆.
	[Zhou Y X.2007. Chengshi dilixue. Beijing, China: The Commercial Press.]
[26]	Abe K.1984. Head and branch offices of big private enterprises in major cities of Japan. Geographical Review of Japan: Series B, 57(1): 43-67.
[27]	Abe K.1990. The status of Tokyo in Japan from the standpoint of high-order urban function. Geographical Review of Japan: Series B, 63(1): 17-24.
[28]	Abe K.2000. The Japanese urban system from the standpoint of large private firms' head offices and branch office, 1995. Geographical Review of Japan: Series B. 73(1): 62-84.
[29]	Alderson A S, Beckfiled J.2004. Power and position in the world city system. American Journal of Sociology, 109(4): 811-851.
[30]	Alderson A S, Beckfield J, Sprague-Jones J.2010. Intercity relations and globalization: the evolution of the global urban hierarchy, 1981-2007. Urban Studies, 47(9): 1899-1923.
[31]	Burger M, Meijers E.2012. Form follows function? linking morphological and functional polycentricity. Urban Studies, 49(5): 1127-1149.
[32]	Castells M.2010. Globalization, networking, urbanization: reflections on the spatial dynamics of the information age. Urban Studies, 47(13): 2737-2745.
[33]	Derudder B.2006. On conceptual confusion in empirical analyses of a transnational urban network. Urban Studies, 43(11): 2027-2046.
[34]	Derudder B, Taylor P J, Ni P, et al.2010. Pathways of change: shifting connectivities in the world city network, 2000-08. Urban Studies, 47(9): 1861-1877.
[35]	Friedmann J.1986. The world city hypothesis. Development and Change, 17(1): 69-83.
[36]	Gottmann J.1987. Megalopolis revisited: 25 years later. College Park, MD: University of Maryland Institute for Urban Studies.
[37]	Hino M.1984. The location of head and branch offices of large enterprises in Japan. The Science Reports of Tohoku University: Series 7, 34(2): 41-60.
[38]	Hino M.1999. The territoriality of domestic branch offices of Japanese firms as a noneconomic principle influencing the choice of branch office location. The Science Reports of Tohoku University: Series 7, 49(1): 1-22.
[39]	Hymer S.2006. The multinational corporation and the law of uneven development: perspectives on world politics. London, UK: Routledge.
[40]	Krätke S.2011. The creative capital of cities: interactive knowledge creation and the urbanization economies of innovation. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
[41]	Krätke S.2014. Global pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms' linkages in the world city network. Urban Studies, 51(6): 1196-1213.
[42]	Massey D B.1984. Spatial divisions of labor: social structures and the geography of production. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
[43]	Neal Z.2013. The "AIRNET2000" data and airnet program. Connections, 33(1): 43-45.
[44]	Pflieger G, Rozenblat C.2010. Urban networks and network theory: the city as the connector of multiple networks. Urban Studies, 47(13): 2723-2735.
[45]	Pred A R.1977. City-systems in advanced economies: past growth, present processes and future development options. New York, NY: Wiley.
[46]	Taylor P J.2004. World city network: a global urban analysis. London, UK: Routledge.
[47]	Taylor P J, Derudder B, Saey P, et al.2007. Cities in globalization: practices, policies and theories. London, UK: Routledge.
[48]	Wall R S.2009. Netscape: cities and global corporation networks. Rotterdam, Netherlands: ERIM and Haveka Publishers.
[49]	Wall R S, Burger M J, Van Der Knapp G A B.2011. The geography of global corporate networks: the poor, the rich, and the happy few countries. Environment and Planning A, 43(4): 904-927.
[50]	Wei Y H D.2010. Beyond new regionalism, beyond global production networks: remaking the Sunan model, China. Environment and Planning C, 28(1): 72-96.
[51]	Wei Y H D, Gu C L.2010. A study of industrial development and spatial structure in Changzhou City, China: the restructuring of the Sunan Model. Urban Geography, 31(3): 321-347.
[52]	Wei Y H D, Li W M, Wang C B.2007. Restructuring industrial districts, scaling up regional development: a study of the Wenzhou model, China. Economic Geography, 83(4): 421-444.
[53]	阿部和俊. 1991. 日本の都市体系研究. 京都: 地人書房.
	[Abe K.1991. Nihon no toshi taikei kenkyū. Kyoto, Japan: Chijin Shobo.]
[54]	日野正輝. 1996. 都市発展と支店立地. 东京: 古今書院.
	[Hino M.1996. Toshi hatten to shiten ritchi. Tokyo, Japan: KokonShoin.]

子公司全称	注册地	经营范围	业务性质	期末实际出资额/万元
宝银特种钢管有限公司	宜兴市	钢管产销	制造业	5000.0
南通宝钢钢铁有限公司	南通市	钢材加工销售	制造业	59458.2
……	……	……		……

	上海	杭州	宁波	嘉兴	……	淮安	……	泰州	宿迁
上海	0	41	19	20	……	2	……	4	1
杭州	13	0	21	0	……	1	……	0	0
宁波	17	7	0	0	……	0	……	0	0
嘉兴	0	0	0	0	……	0	……	0	0
……	……	……	……	……	……	……	……	……	……
淮安	0	0	0	0	……	0	……	0	0
盐城	3	0	0	0	……	0	……	0	0
扬州	0	0	0	0	……	0	……	0	0
镇江	1	0	0	0	……		……	0	1
泰州	0	0	0	0	……	0	……	0	0
宿迁	0	0	0	0	……	0	……	0	0

城市	2005年子公司数量相对中心度	2010年子公司数量相对中心度	2005年子公司资金相对中心度	2010年子公司资金相对中心度
上海	25.31	26.26	10.90	12.03
杭州	10.87	13.10	2.16	3.96
南京	10.67	11.84	5.11	5.93
苏州	6.30	9.26	1.33	3.79
宁波	5.79	7.87	1.93	3.07
无锡	4.17	4.50	0.78	1.29
绍兴	2.74	3.18	0.59	1.24
南通	2.74	3.84	0.42	1.46
嘉兴	2.34	3.84	0.99	1.23
镇江	2.03	1.98	0.16	0.54
扬州	1.93	1.79	0.25	0.23
常州	1.83	1.72	0.31	0.72
湖州	1.83	2.18	0.30	0.31
徐州	1.73	2.78	0.55	0.78
盐城	1.63	2.32	0.28	0.64
台州	1.52	3.70	0.18	0.81
连云港	1.32	1.52	0.17	0.26
金华	1.32	1.46	0.35	0.20
衢州	1.02	0.79	0.19	0.26
泰州	0.92	0.73	0.38	0.22
淮安	0.81	3.97	0.05	1.38
宿迁	0.81	0.86	0.14	0.15
舟山	0.71	0.99	0.33	0.16
丽水	0.41	0.40	0.13	0.08

	直辖市	省会城市	计划单列市	地级市
直辖市	-	4	5	6
省会城市	1/4	-	2	5
计划单列市	1/5	1/2	-	3
地级市	1/6	1/5	1/3	-

因变量	行政等级	GDP	土地价格	工资	距离上海高速公路时间
总部数量	0.605(0.673)	0.438(0.310)	0.008(-0.065)	-0.076(0.026)	-0.080(-0.038)
资金相对中心度	0.609(0.784)	0.469(0.159)	-0.032(-0.097)	-0.070(0.081)	-0.018(-0.031)
数量相对中心度	0.590(0.627)	0.503(0.296)	-0.010(-0.051)	-0.120(0.091)	-0.049(-0.083)