平原农区典型县域土地非农化对乡村系统的影响

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科学揭示土地非农化与乡村发展之间的作用机理是促进城乡一体化健康发展的必然需求。本文选取了平原农区典型县域山东省禹城市和桓台县作为研究区,通过分析不同发展阶段县域土地非农化与乡村系统演化特征,剖析了县域土地非农化对乡村系统的影响。结果表明：随着县域经济由低级向高级阶段演进,土地非农化的规模与比重呈现增长态势,乡村系统整体处于正向演化态势,禹城市和桓台县E指数分别由0.295和0.197增至0.798与0.700。土地非农化对乡村系统的影响是一个由弱变强的过程,土地非农化比重的增加会带来乡村一些要素的剧烈变化,其中,乡村经济子系统与社会子系统对土地非农化过程的敏感性较强。构建乡村人口转移与农地规模经营的保障机制,规范土地利用规划与管理,增强县域辐射能力,是平原农区土地非农化与乡村转型发展的调控重点。

关键词: 土地非农化, 乡村系统, 演化, 平原农区, 县域

Abstract:

Revealing the relationship between land conversion and rural development is necessary for the healthy and integrated development of urban and rural areas. Taking two typical agricultural counties in the eastern plain area of Shandong Province, China as study cases, this article dissects the impact of land conversion on rural systems through the analysis of evolution of land conversion and rural system at different socioeconomic development stages. The results show that: (1) with the change of county economic development from low to advanced stage, the scale and ratio of land conversion increased, while the overall development trend of the rural systems was positive, with increasing comprehensive rural development index (E) values from 0.295 to 0.798 and 0.197 to 0.700 between 2000 and 2008 in Yucheng City(county-level city) and Huantai County, respectively, with fluctuations in some years; (2) the extent of impact of land conversion on rural system changed from weak to strong gradually, and the increased ratio of land conversion led to dramatic changes of some elements of the rural systems. Among these, the sensitivity of the rural economic and social subsystems to land conversion was relatively high compared to the environmental and resource subsystem. The focus of controlling land conversion and rural transformation in plain agricultural area is to build the protection mechanism for rural population transfer and the economies of scale of farmland management, regulate land use planning and management, and improve the capacity of influence of counties

Key words: land conversion, rural system, evolution, plain agricultural area, county

中图分类号:

F301.2

方方, 刘彦随, 李裕瑞, 梁昊光. 平原农区典型县域土地非农化对乡村系统的影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(10): 1405-1413.

Fang FANG, Yansui LIU, Yurui LI, Haoguang LIANG. Impact of land conversion on rural systems in typical agricultural counties of eastern plain area, China[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(10): 1405-1413.

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目标层	指标层	指标说明	正/负向
资源环境指数	人均农村宅基地面积(I₁)	农村居民点用地面积/农村人口	-
(REE)	人均耕地面积(I₂)	耕地面积/区域总人数	+
	耕地生态服务价值总量(I₃)(孙慧兰等, 2010; 梁流涛等, 2011)	单位耕地生态服务价值&#X000D7;耕地面积	+
	景观多样性指数(I₄)(张健等, 2007)	计算公式为：1-Sf_i²/（Sf_i）²(f_i为第i类型土地面积)	+
经济指数	农业总产值(I₅)	来自统计年鉴	+
(ECE)	农林牧渔业总产值(I₆)	来自统计年鉴	+
	复种指数(I₇)	农作物播种面积/耕地面积	+
	粮食播种面积比重(I₈)	粮食作物播种面积/农作物播种面积	+
社会指数	农业人口比重(I₉)	来自统计年鉴	-
(SCE)	农业从业人员(I₁₀)	来自统计年鉴	-
	农村居民人均纯收入(I₁₁)	来自统计年鉴	+